Zepidoptcra of the Altai Mountains. 309 



The authorities for the above lists are as follows : — 



1. The lists of Kindermann's collections published by 

 Lederer, and MS, list of Ruckbeil's collections sent me 

 by Herr Tancre. 



2. The list of Kuldja butterflies published by Alpheraky 

 in 1881, and the list of Grum-Grshimailo's Thianshau 

 collections, published at p. 522 of his Travels in Central 

 Asia (printed in Russian), St. Petersburg, 1896. 



3. The list of Haberhauer's collection in the Tarbagatai 

 and Alatau, and 



4. given by Staudiuger in Stett. Ent. Zeit, 1881, p. 250. 



5. The list given by Grum-Grshimailo of his collections 

 in the Patnir and surrounding regions in Romanoff's 

 Memoires, vol. iv, p. 126-37. 



6. The list of Amur butterflies, given by Staudinger in 

 Romanoff's Memoires, vol. vi, p. 106-15. 



7. The list of Dorries' collections in the Kentei Moun- 

 tains given by Staudinger in Iris, vol. v, p. 304. 



8. The list of collections made by Grum in Amdo and 

 the Kokonor district. Same source as No. 2. 



9. Herz' list of his collections on the Vitim and Vilui 

 rivers in Iris, vol. xi, p. 233. 



10. Staudinger's Catalogue. (I may say that I consider 

 that species not found west of the Southern Ural should 

 be considered as Asiatic rather than European.) 



The above list of 181 species includes all which are 

 recorded by Kindermann, Ruckbeil and myself, and 

 thougii it may be increased a little by future collections, 

 yet a comparison with the lists from the Amur, Kuldja 

 and Pamir regions, and with that of the collection made 

 by Dorries in the Kentei Mountains of East Mongolia, 

 shows that there are very few other butterflies in the 

 adjoining regions which can be expected to occur in the 

 Altai. 



Out of the whole number about thirty-nine are not found 

 in Europe : of these six are Parnassius, only one of which, 

 P. adius, is a Central Asian species ; the rest are char- 

 acteristic of Siberia, and all but clarius occur in the 

 Amur region. Anthocharis pyrothoe is a Central Asian 

 species. Of the eight Colias only thisoa is Central Asian, 

 the rest are European or forms of European species, except 

 C. aurora and melinos, which is the Siberian representative 

 of 'phicomone. Of the five species of Thecla only frivald- 

 szkyi is non-European, and as compared with twenty-four 



TRANS. ENT. SOC. LOND. 1899. — PART III. (SEPT.) 21 



