Zepidoptera of the Altai Mountains. 



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region, though sedakovi and parmenio extend to the Amur, 

 and d'o and edda to the north-east of Siberia. 



Of the genus CEneis, no less than six or seven occur, 

 and only one of them, torjjem, is Central Asiatic; but 

 this is a steppe rather than a mountain species. Of the 

 others, nor7ia and bore are Boreal species, and sculda, 

 multa and nanna confined to Asia. Of the eight species 

 of Satyrus I only found four, the rest being recorded by 

 Kindermann and Ruckbeil, and these seem confined 

 to the south-western parts of the region. All are European 

 except Keydenrcichi, which is Central Asiatic, and none 

 except dryas extend to the Amur region. The other 

 crenera of Satyridm are scarce, none of the small IJinne- 

 pheles which are so common in Central Asia occurring, 

 but Triphysa phryne is in abundance. The Hcspcriidx are 

 mostly European except C. argyrostigma. 



1. Papilio machaon, L. 



Only found in the lower parts of the mountains. It 

 was just appearing at Biisk on June 2nd, fresh m the 

 Tchuja Valley at about 4000 feet on June 18th, and not 

 seen again till August 7th, when one or two worn-out 

 females were taken on the Bija river. The specimens are 

 quite European in type. 



2. P. podalirius, L. 



Recorded by Kindermann and Ruckbeil, not seen by me. 



3. Parnassiics apollo, L., and var. sihirica, Nordm.= 

 Graslini, Oberthiir. 



Common in the Bashkaus, Tchulishman and Bija 

 Valleys at the end of July, from about 4500 down to 

 1000 feet, where I last saw worn females on August 8rd. 

 It flies on and below rocky slopes, where its food plant 

 Sedum eioersi ? is abundant. 



I am doubtful whether sihirica can be looked on as a 

 marked variety, in the Altai at any rate. Though some of 

 the males have more dark scales, and perhaps a slightly 

 whiter ground colour than in Europe, and average much 

 larger than alpine specimens, yet Scandinavian examples 

 which ought to be typical apollo are hardly distinguish- 

 able. In the female sex the difference is, however, much 

 more striking, the black scales being more abundant, and 



