LcpidcypUra of the Altai Mountains. 315 



feet on July 9th, and soon became very abundant, not 

 only up to the very tops of the most stony and barest 

 mountains far above any shrubs, where it was associated 

 with CEncis hore and Argynnis freija, the only species 

 which I took as high, but it seemed equally at home in the 

 dense forest country of the Eija Valley. It must have a 

 variety of food plants, or be of a very wandering dis- 

 position, I saw no trace of any approach to A. hippia. 



12. Pieris napi, L. 



I found this coming out at Biisk on June 4th, at 

 Ongodai on the 13th, in the Tchuja Valley at about 

 5000 feet on the 20th, all these belonging to the spring 

 brood, though there is much difference amongst them, one 

 male from Ongodai having the black spot in cell 3 as 

 conspicuous as in the summer brood in Europe, and one 

 male from Biisk having the spot on the costa of the 

 hind-wing also well-marked. I saw none in the high bare 

 mountains. In the Bija Valley the first week of August 

 a large summer brood was out, a female of which is 

 tinged with yellow. P. napi is found in the far north of 

 Siberia, on the Vitim river, and in Kamtschatka where 

 it assumes the hryoni^ form. One of my females of the 

 spring brood from the Tchuja Valley and one from 

 Minusinsk in the Yenesei Valley might be called hryonix, 

 but I do not think that, except in the Alps of Europe and 

 in Lapland, this form seems to be constant. I have a 

 pair from Altin Erail in the Thianshan collected by 

 Grum-Grshimailo which are hardly distinguishable from 

 ochsenheimeri, which seems to represent hryonim in the 

 high mountains of the Pamir. There is also a form in 

 Grum-Grshimailo's collection named by him sifanica, 

 which occurs as a spring brood in the mountains of Amdo 

 in North-East Tibet, and which by the very dark heavily 

 marked veins of the underside seems to be hryonim, but I 

 have no females of this. I have also some specimens from 

 Kashmir which, though they stand in my collection as a 

 variety of melete, are really just as near to napi, and I do 

 not yet know how it is possible to separate these two 

 species with certainty. 



13. P. rapiB, L. 



I found this on June 6th at Biisk, and again at the 

 end of July in the Lower Bashkaus and Bija Valleys. 



