316 ^Ir. H. J. Elwes 071 the 



The difference between the two generations is more 

 striking than in any other locality from whence I have 

 the species, except, perhaps, in Italy, and as the variations 

 of P. rap/G appear to have been little studied I will 

 mention the most striking ones as far as I know them. 

 In Britain, in Gloucestershire at least, there is little differ- 

 ence betAveen the first brood and the second, eitlier in 

 size or colour of the underside. In Germany, France and 

 Spain the difference is rather greater, and in Germany, 

 Poland, and occasionally in England, we have an aberration 

 of the female which is distinctly yellow both on the upper 

 and undersides. In Algeria, where I found it common in 

 the province of Constantine, and as far south as Biskra in 

 April and May, and also at Gibraltar in April, some of 

 the males are without a trace of the black spot in cell 

 4 of the fore-wing on the upper-side, and this is also the 

 case in the one taken at Biisk. I have similar males 

 from Beirut and Candahar taken in February. In the 

 Canary Islands rap/B does not appear to have been 

 modified by the climate as in the case of Irassic^, which 

 has there developed the remarkable form known as 

 cheiranthi. In the Alps and Pyrenees, where I have 

 taken the species at from 5000 — 7000 feet in July, at 

 which elevation it can, I think, be only single-brooded, the 

 underside is rather of the summer than the spring type. 

 A female from Mont Cenis is absolutely indistinguish- 

 able from the female of ergane, and may be that species. 

 Though I am not aware that ergane has been recorded 

 from the Alps or Germany, I noted in the collection of 

 Dr. Nickerl at Prague similar examples. In September 

 a form occurs at Florence, for which I am indebted to 

 Signor Stefanelli, which passes under the name oi manni ; 

 this form is characterised by the greater extension of the 

 black on the apex of the fore-wing in both sexes, and (if 

 these specimens are typical manni) by the veins of the 

 hind-wing below being distinctly bordered with black 

 dusting from which the interspaces are quite free. These 

 specimens are so like some of the summer brood of napi 

 known as napmx, Esp., from St. Petersburg and Poland, 

 that I really do not know how to separate them with 

 certainty, and one of the males has indications of black 

 at the end of the veins of the hind-winoj above which I 

 see in no other specimen of rapm. In Asia the species 

 has a very wide range. I have specimens from Syria 



