Dr. G. B. Longstaff's Bionomic Notes on Butter Jlies. 657 



Zizera otis, Fabr., f. indica, Murray. $. One observation. 



Evcres parrhasius, Fabr. $. Two observations. 



Nacaduha atrata, Horsf. $ One observation. 



N. noreia, Felder. One observation. 



Jamides bochus, Cram. $. One observation. 



Lamyidcs elpis, Godt. $ Two observations : in one case 

 it settled head upwards, but turned round immediately. 



Lampides celeno, Cram. 10 ^, 1 $. 



Polyommatus hxticus, Linn. Both sexes. Nine observ- 

 ations. 



Surendra quercetoo'um, Moore. $. One observation. 



Loxura arcuata, Moore. One observation. 



The "sawing " movement of the hind-wings observed at 

 Kallar in the Nilgiris in 1904 in Lampides sp., and in 

 Tarucus telicanus, Lang, at East London, S. Africa, in 

 1905, was again observed in several Blues in Ceylon in 

 1908, viz. :— 



Telicada nyseus, Guer. Six observations. 



Everes argiades, Pall. Two observations. 



Lampides celeno, Cram. Three observations. 



Polyommatus hieticus, Linn. Six observations. 



Poulton explains this movement* as assisting in the 

 deception of the " false head," but the explanation scarcely 

 satisfies me since butterflies at rest do not usually move 

 their antennae. It is however possible that movement as 

 movement may challenge attack ; compare the case of the 

 Maina mentioned above. t 



As regards the lobes on the hind-wings of so many 

 Lycsenids the following facts may be noted as supple- 

 mentary to previous papers.* 



Aphnseus (Spindasis) vulcanus, Fabr. Ceylon, 1908. 



tropicalis — all distasteful species. Similarly this is the normal 

 position in South African Nymphxtlinx, viz. Atella, Lachnoptera, 

 JJypanartia, Precis, Catacroptera, Crenis, Charaxes, Euralia and 

 Salamis, which are all the genera I can think of at the moment in 

 which I have actually observed it. On the other hand, all the 

 Danainse and Acraeinee hang with wings down. It is possible this 

 may prove to be a good criterion of palatability, for the head-down 

 position gives the insect a much better opportunity of launching 

 into a rapid flight, and thus evading attack, which is not of such 

 great consequence to distasteful species." 



* " Essays on Evolution," 190b, pp. 282, 325, and the references there 

 given. 



t p. 630. 



i Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1905, pp. 85, 86; also 1906, pp. 106-109. 



