350 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall on Birds as a Factor in the 



to me the same day " : Dr. F. A Dixey {in litt.). — 

 (k) "I have seen butterflies attacked by the Barn 

 Swallow {H. rustic(i) and the Swift — P. rccpcie, in both 

 cases " : W. Parkinson Curtis (letter to Prof. Poulton, 

 22, ix, '05). — (/) A swallow was observed to capture a 

 Golias edusa : W. Buckler, "Ent. Mo. Mag.," July 1877, 

 p. 40. — (m) " Some years ago I saw a swallow trying 

 to seize a red admiral flying " : G. E. Johnson, 

 " Country-Side," 1907, p. 141 (England).— (ti) The 

 swallow has been observed to chase, catch or eat 

 common white butterflies by four correspondents; 

 " two readers have seen the swallow take meadow- 

 browns (Mr. J. Higgs, of Maryborough, noting seven 

 specimens taken in seven minutes), and one each have 

 noticed the capture of a peacock butterfly, a painted 

 lady and a tortoiseshell " : The Editor, " Country-Side," 

 1903, p. 290 (England). 



29. Ctfpselus ajnis, L. (Swift), {a) " All sorts of beetles, 



gadflies, butterflies and moths, . . . serve to fill its 

 rapidly digesting, and therefore always hungry, 

 stomach": Naumann, " Vog. Deut.," vi, p. 130. — 

 (&) Of. Hirundo rustica (h). 



30. Caprimadgus europaeus, L. (Nightjar). " And further 

 the flower-beetles, dragonflies, butterflies and Diptera, 

 which sit at rest in the evenings, do not escape it " : 

 Naumann, I.e. vi, p. 153. 



31. Merojjs ajnastcr, L. (Bee-Eater). Prof. Kathariner 

 records that on May 6, 1895, at Angora in Asia 

 Minor, the butterfly Thais cerisyi was flying in great 

 numbers, when suddenly a swarm of Bee-Eaters 

 appeared, and "without paying any attention to me, 

 began to make a terrible clearance among the butter- 

 flies. One heard continuously the snapping of their 

 beaks, and in the shortest space of time there was 

 not a butterfly to be seen. Those that were not 

 eaten had hidden under the herbage " : L, Kathariner, 

 "Biol. Centralb.," xviii, 1898, p. 681. 



32. Guculus ca.norus, L. (Cuckoo), (a) An example of 

 Aporia crataegi found in the stomach of one bird : 

 E. Csiki, " Aquila," xi, 1904, p. 309.— (&) " Although its 

 principal food consists of caterpillars, yet it often 

 takes both butterflies and moths, and even lepido- 

 pterous pupae and eggs are not despised " : J. A. Link, 

 "Mon. Deut. Ver. Schutze Vog," 1889, p. 439. 



