Production of Mimetic Resemblances among Butterflies. 363 



upon the Lepidoptera of Bombay, informed me that 

 the Charaxes psaplion of Westwood was continuously 

 persecuted by the Bulbul": A. G. Butler, "Nature," 

 iii, 1870, p. 165, note. 



3. Pycnonotus sinensis, Gm. (Green Bulbul). Observed to 



attack butterflies in Southern China, "but generally 

 miss them " : J. C. Kershaw, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, 

 p. 6. 



4. Otoeampsa fiiscicaiidata, Gould (Red-whiskered Bulbul). 



" This afternoon I was sitting under the veranda with 

 my head within about 5 ft. of a red-whiskered bul- 

 bul's nest containing two young birds about five days 

 old. One of the parent birds arrived with the very 

 last butterfly I should have expected it to have any 

 dealings with, viz. Acraea violae ... I noticed that 

 the butterfly was well in the bird's bill, firmly held, 

 with the wings in considerable disarray. The body 

 must have been fairly well crushed, so that the bulbul 

 must have been fully alive to the flavour. I put 

 my head within about 3 ft. of the nest to see how 

 the young birds took it. The bird went down and 

 pushed the butterfly well into the youngster's throat, 

 and it was swallowed immediately, wings and all, and 

 the young bird settled quietly down without seem- 

 ing in the slightest degree upset " : H. L. Andrewes 

 (in a letter to Prof. Poulton, dated 19, iii, '08, Nilgiri 

 Hills, S. India). 



5. Artamus monaclms, Bp. (Swallow-Shrike). "It feeds 



on insects, butterflies on the wing, grasshoppers, 

 etc. (Meyer) " : Meyer and Wigglesworth, "Birds of 

 Celebes," ii, p. 435. 



6. Arta7nus fitscus, Vieill. (Ashy Swallow-Shrike). "I am 



not certain as to the date on which I saw the 

 Ashy Swallow-Shrike catching specimens of the 

 Euploea, Crastia core. ... At least six specimens 

 of the Crastia were captured by the shrike, all of 

 which it carried away to a branch high up in a big 

 tree, but I could not see whether they were eaten " : 

 Coh J. W. Yerbury, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, p. 360. 



7. Tephrodornis pondiceriamcs, Gm. (Indian Wood-Shrike). 



" Moths and small butterflies form a considerable 

 portion of its food " : Capt. Legge, " Birds of Ceylon," 

 ii, p. 374. 



8. Chihia hottentotta^ L. (Hair- crested Urongo). " Sal ween 



BB 2 



