Production of Mimetic Resemblances among Butterfiics. 371 



Danaids; while the Pieridae, and especially the 

 Catopsiliae, were often pursued by birds a long dis- 

 tance " : E. Haase, " Researches on Mimicry " (transL), 

 ii, p. 23, note. — (c) A bird was seen to seize a butter- 

 fly, Elymnias undularis <^, just as the observer was on 

 the point of capturing it with his net : Prof. E. A. 

 Minciiin, Proc. Ent. Soc. L., 1904, p. xxxvii. (India.) 

 — (d) " During five years I have, perhaps, seen a 

 dozen attacks on butterflies by birds, and only seen 

 them captured two or three times " : J. C. Kershaw, 

 Trans. Ent. Soc, 1906, p. 6 (S. China).— (c) "In 

 Ceylon a bird was seen to make a swoop at a male 

 CcUophaga paulina, but missed it": Dr. G. B. Long- 

 staff, Trans. Ent. Soc, 1905, p. 135.— (/) "I have 

 often seen birds catch butterflies in Hongkong, Cochin- 

 china, and Europe, but neither birds nor butterflies 

 were identified " : Dr. F. Doflein (letter dated 22, iv, 

 1907).— (^) " Hangtharaw River, 12, iv, 1881 [Burma]. 

 On the march to-day I found under a tree by a 

 stream quite a number of the wings of butterflies, 

 chiefly Lycaenidae. These had apparently been 

 sheared off by some bird that had fed on the flies. 

 Lampidcs and Nacadula abounded on the sandy 

 banks " : Lt.-Col. Bingham (note from diary). — (A) 

 "I could never observe that this species [Ornithoptera 

 darsius. Gray] was captured by the birds, thougli the 

 much larger black and white Papilio polymnestoi\ 

 Cram., often fell a prey to them, and nearly all those 

 on the wing were damaged." It is then suggested 

 that the Ornithoptera derives its immunity from the 

 fact that its larva feeds on the poisonous Aristolochia. 

 " But be that as it may, we always observe that this 

 butterfly is uninjured, in spite of its slow, lazy and 

 almost unwieldy flight among the birds; while the 

 strong, quickly flying Papilios, hector, erithonitts, 

 agamemnon, montanus, polytes, etc., are seized " : Dr. 

 F. Doflein, " Ostasienfahrt," p. 444 (Ceylon). 



Indo-Malayan Butterflies. 



Danainae. 



Danaida sp. — Merops vitidis (22,/; butterfly rejected). 

 Tirumala septentrionis, Butl. — Dicrurus sp. (10; butter- 



flv rpfnspr^^ 



fly refused). 



