278 Mr. J. C. Moulton on 
Moore described two males (like Hewitson’s type male) as 
male and female miniata. These two I propose to regard 
as the male types of miniata and to refer Hewitson’s male 
marciana to them. Hight years later Moore described a 
female miniata which should be referred in all probability 
to marciana, as it appears from the figure to differ only 
from the female of that species in having a greater develop- 
ment of fulvous in the discal region of the fore-wing upper- 
side. The actual specimen is in the Indian Museum and 
for the moment not available for comparison. 
We have thus marciana known from females only, and 
miniata only from males. In the British Museum collec- 
tion, however, there are five females quite different from 
Hewitson’s marciana, which I refer to miniata without any 
hesitation. Swinhoe in his Lepidoptera Indica figures one 
of them, although in his references he accepts Moore’s 
female as the type female of the species, which, as mentioned 
above, probably should be referred to Hewitson’s marciana. 
Mr. Druce has shown me lately two fine males from 
South Borneo—very different to the meniata males—which 
agree exactly on the underside markings with the marciana 
females, and I have no doubt that these are really the 
hitherto unknown males of Hewitson’s species. The follow- 
ing descriptions, illustrated by Mr. Knight’s figures, I hope 
will help towards a better understanding of the two species. 
The synonymy necessitated is rather complicated, but I 
trust the references given under the two names, and my 
note on the bibliography,* will make it clear. 
* BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE ON THAMALA. 
Herwitson (1863-8 ?) describes and figures a male and female as 
Myrina marciana; these are now regarded as male miniata 
and female marciana. The actual female labelled ‘‘ Sarawak” 
is now in the British Museum, and is regarded as the female 
type of marciana; the male is not to be found. 
Moore (1878) describes two males as male and female T'hamala 
miniata, without any reference to Hewitson’s marciana. These 
two specimens are now in the British Museum, and that labelled 
‘““male”’ is taken as the actual male type of miniata. 
Moore (1886) describes and figures a female (without reference to 
his previous female type) as miniata female. This is now 
regarded as a female variety of marciana. The actual specimen 
is in the Indian Museum. 
Butter (1877), in his list of the butterflies of Malacca, mentions 
a male from Malacca, and gives, as reference, Hewitson’s de- 
scription and figure of the female. There is only one example 
in the British Museum from Malacca and that is a female, so 
