Mr. J. C. F. Fryer on Pupal coloration in Papilio polytes. 415 
led to the rejection of this view and the initiation of a series 
of experiments to obtain more light on the subject. 
EXPERIMENT I. 
The first experiment, or rather experiments were per- 
formed more or less inadvertently. At times when there 
were insufficient breeding-cages to accommodate all the 
larvae, those of little importance were relegated to various 
boxes and were allowed to pupate in the dark. Practically 
all these larvae formed green pupae. 
EXPERIMENT II. 
A square wooden breeding-cage, open in front, was 
completely lined with paper of an emerald green colour; 
sticks, also covered with the same paper, were placed in the 
cage to provide a variety of situations for the larvae to 
choose for pupation. Six full-fed larvae were then placed 
inside and the front was covered with white mosquito 
netting, which allowed light to penetrate freely into the 
cage. 
The larvae then pupated, and every pupa was of the 
brown form. 
EXPERIMENT Ill. 
Nine full-fed larvae were placed in the green-lined cage, 
but the front was covered with green leno instead of white 
netting, which might have disturbed the result in Experi- 
ment I, A young branch of Citrus with a green stem was 
also put inside, in case any of the larvae required more food. 
Hight brown pupae were formed and one green pupa, the 
latter being one which had suspended itself behind a leaf 
of the food-plant. One specimen had pupated behind 
a stout paper-covered stick so that its ventral side was 
shaded from the light, while the dorsal surface received 
only hght which had been reflected from the back of the 
cage. In this case the pupa as a whole was of the brown 
form, but the ventral surface was green. 
EXPERIMENT IV. 
Three large glass cylinders were covered with translucent 
coloured paper so as to obtain vessels lighted only by red, 
green and blue light respectively. Six larvae, nearly full- 
fed, were placed in each cylinder with a supply of food- 
