440 Mr. W. A. Lamborn on the 
outer side is a pair of protrusible tubercles which seem to 
exert a definite attractive influence on the ants. 
In other cases a triple association has been found to 
exist between Lycaenid larvae, ants and Homoptera, in 
which the larvae, though treated as honoured guests by 
their ant hosts, repay them with the basest ingratitude by 
devouring their fellow-guests the Homoptera. In such 
instances as far as has been discovered the attraction 
exerted on the ants by the larvae is a much weaker one 
than in the preceding case, for though the accessory 
tubercles have been noted, no gland has as yet been seen 
nor have the ants been observed to concentrate their 
interest at the site at which the secreting structure is 
usually found, as in other larvae. Still further, some 
Lycaenid larvae are undoubtedly present as predaceous 
intruders on colonies of Homoptera fostered by ants and 
are of no benefit to them whatever though they are toler- 
ated from necessity, because the ants are unable to put 
up a successful fight with an enemy protected by hairy 
fringes, by hard rough tubercles or a tough cuticle, though, 
as will be seen, they do not hesitate to avail themselves 
of a chance to commence an attack when a favourable 
opportunity presents itself. 
Prof. Poulton suggested to me that in writing an account 
of the various species I should perhaps give the most 
vivid impression in my power if I transcribed the original 
notes written when the living insects were actually before 
me, with only such alterations as more recent knowledge 
has shown to be necessary. These notes were originally 
contained in letters written by me to Prof. Poulton and I 
have to thank him for the care with which he has preserved 
them so that they are now available for my present purpose, 
for the trouble involved in identifying some of my specimens 
and in getting others named by various authorities, so that 
on my return I found them labelled and ready for reference ; 
but above all I wish to thank him for the constant stimulus 
and encouragement afforded by his interest in my work 
and for his ever ready help and guidance by which alone 
my results could have been obtained. 
It is also my pleasant duty to thank Mr. G. T. Bethune- 
Baker, Pres. Ent. Soc., Prof. Poulton, Mr. H. Eltringham, 
Mr. W. L. Distant, Mr. J. Hartley Durrant, and Prof. R. 
Newstead, F.R.S., who have contributed valuable sections 
to the Appendix; and Prof. A. Forel, who has named the 
