Relationship between certain West African Insects. 441 
ants. Mr. W. C. Crawley very kindly carried this latter 
material safely to Switzerland and back, by hand. 
The whole of the material is in the Hope Department 
at Oxford, and as the numbers originally attached to the 
specimens have been printed on the labels all can be 
readily identified. 
A—LIST OF ANTS AND INSECTS ASSOCIATED 
WITH THEM (E. B. P.) 
I have drawn up the following analysis of the associations 
recorded in this memoir. The list of ants, with the 
exception of those marked by an asterisk, is quoted 
from Prof. Forel’s paper, Fourmis de Nigérie, in Revue 
Zoologique Africaine, Brussels, 1913, pp. 352, 353. The 
species marked by an asterisk were with one exception 
determined by Prof. Forel, although they do not appear 
in his paper. The exception is Oecophylla smaragdina, r. 
longinoda, kindly determined by Mr. G. Meade-Waldo in 
the British Museum. The sign 7} indicates that the insects 
associated with the ants were also associated with each 
other, although the nature of the association is far from 
uniform. It is to be understood that the great majority 
of the ant-associations are with the larvae or pupae of 
the species named. 
The ants were determined by Prof. Forel quite inde- 
pendently of their associations, and when his names had 
been affixed, and the ants re-grouped according to the 
Lycaenid larvae, etc., they were tending, it was seen that 
the species and races were remarkably constant in their 
respective groups. The exceptions were the two species 
of Pheidole, once mixed in the same group (pp. 467-8) 
almost certainly the result of an accident in labelling after 
the specimens had been received from Switzerland—and 
the two races, alligatrix and winkleri, of Cremastogaster 
buchneri, once mixed according to Prof. Forel’s determina- 
tions (p. 484), once mixed, not in this but in another 
group, according to Mr. W. C. Crawley and Mr. A. H. 
Hamm (p. 484). It must be remembered, however, that 
winklert and alligatriz are often very difficult to separate, 
and Forel himself speaks of intermediate forms. If there 
has been no mistake, the two forms are sometimes to be 
found attending the same larva, and it is difficult to believe 
that the races are really distinct. 
