Relationship between certain West African Insects. 451 
was able to exhibit to the Society (¢bid., p. evi) two larvae in 
spirit and two bred imagines with the corresponding pupa- 
cases. Seven butterflies in all were bred out. The larvae, 
which approximate to the type described in Aslauga, seem to 
be very near to that of Liphyra brassolis, Westw., described 
by Bingham in his “ Fauna of British India,’ to which 
account my attention was drawn by Mr. A. H. Hamm, of 
the Hope Department. This larva is foundin the East and 
in Australia in the nests of Oecophylla smaragdina. It is 
apparently present as an intruder, and the suggestion has 
been made that it feeds on the immature forms of ants. 
Though I have paid especial attention to this point I have 
not found such habits in Huliphyra. Furthermore, the 
pupa is not protected by the hard chitinous larval skin 
described in Laphyra, although the skin of Euliphyra is 
tough and heavy-looking and still partially encloses the 
posterior segments of 3 out of 8 pupae, viz. E, F and G 
(see p. 455-6). 
The following notes, contained in a letter dated Feb. 10, 
1912, refer to the larvae of Huliphyra :— 
“In accordance with your request I commenced an 
investigation as to whether our form of Oecophylla does 
make use of its larva to weave together the leaves composing 
the nest. I opened up some nests a few weeks ago, but 
the ants were so deliberate in their movements that I had 
to defer the necessary watching till I could spare more 
time. 
“On Feb. 6 I made a window into a nest, snipping out a 
square piece of leaf with scissors, and on looking in I saw 
a larva which I recognised at once, as it was similar to the 
one which I saw assailed by these ants, but successfully 
protected itself against attack by drawing down its hard 
carapace-like shield in limpet fashion, to the supporting 
surface. I tore the nest open and discovered more larvae 
and thereupon took ants and all in a tin box. I broke 
other nests open and found larvae in four more, bringing 
up the total of larvae secured to 19. They were not all of 
the same age in each nest. 
“Tn one nest, not containing these larvae, I found a 
totally different caterpillar—rather hairy and evidently 
Heterocerous. The hairs were very stout and curved back 
over each segment, obviously as a protection. I did not 
discover what it ate, and it soon formed a cocoon of stout 
silk inside a web of finer material. Last night, however, 
