Relationship between certain West African Insects. 457 
6. Eytola onensis, Bethune-Baker, sp. n. (p. 501). 
The associated ant was Cremastogaster buchneri r. 
alligatria. 
No. 635, A, B. These 2 male butterflies were bred from 
pupae. Emergence of A, 9 a.m., Feb 4, as it was being 
carried home; B, flying by 10 a.m., Feb. 6. My note 
concerning them is as follows :— 
“Feb. 5, 1912. The two pupae were found Feb. 4, 
in a dead curled-up leaf of the ivy-like Culcasia scandens, 
climbing up a Kola tree in the forest 1 mile E. In a 
fork of the tree, and two feet above the pupae was a large 
carton nest of black ants [Crem. buchneri alligatrix, of 
which 35 were sent] which were running about in all 
directions, some being actually on the Jeaf bearing the 
pupae, a fact which strongly suggests the existence of a 
special association between them and the Lycaenid. 
“T noted these Lycaenid butterflies in the vicinity of 
the same tree last year as well as this, and have often 
looked for larvae without success. There seems to me to 
be a very strong probability that the larvae have some 
relationship with the ants, but I did not find it feasible 
to break open the nest because it was very large and hard, 
and the ants, which were extremely numerous, bite very 
fiercely.” 
At a later date, Feb. 12, an empty pupa-case of the same 
species was found at the same place, also very close to the 
nest of ants. 
Although the male of this species closely resembles that 
of HL. carcina, their pupae are easily distinguished by the 
size and form of the dark markings on the dorsal surface. 
II. LycaENINAE: INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 
Before describing the observations upon the separate 
species it 1s convenient to record a few general notes 
made upon the ant-attracting gland and paired accessory 
structures of the Lycaenine larva. The notes, dated 
Jan. 13, 1912, were drawn up after an experience of about 
five or six species :— 
“The median dorsal opening of the gland on the 11th 
segment of the Lycaenine larva, has in some species well- 
defined anterior and posterior lips, and I have been able to 
induce a larva to extrude a droplet of fluid by tickling it 
