524 Professor R. Newstead on Homoptera. 
being short, stumpy and of five segments; the other normal, 
consisting of seven segments. 
This insect differs from L. punctuliferum, Green,* in the 
greater length of the tarsus, in having seven instead of 
eight segments to the antennae, in the sparseness of the 
oval derm cells, and in the form of the anal operculum. 
With the limited supply of specimens it is impossible 
to say if there is any variation in the character of the 
antennae; but so far as one can judge this insect appears 
to be a well-marked race of L. punctuliferum. 
All the adult female Coccids had evidently been pro- 
tected by ants, as portions of the coverings or “ sheds ” 
are still attached to the twig and partly cover the little 
colony of Coccids. On tearimg out a small fragment of 
one of these coverings one finds that it is composed 
largely of finely comminuted vegetable detritus, among 
which there are fragments of bud-scales and numerous, 
unicellular, epidermal plant hairs; interspaced at rare 
intervals there are traces of the mycelium of a fungus. 
It is difficult to understand how this material is held 
together as there are certainly no silken threads employed 
in its formation; moreover, it has no constituent readily 
soluble in water, so that, apparently, no gum-like material 
is used in cementing the fragments of leaves together. 
Green (J. c.) says that L. punctuliferum is “ attended by 
ants (Oecophylla smaragdina), which had fastened the 
leaves (of the food-plant) together, forming a shelter.” 
Wheeler,t in discussing the relation of ants to plant-lice, 
scale insects and caterpillars, gives an illustration of a 
“carton aphid tent built by Cremastogaster lineolata” 
which is of similar form to those built over the colonies 
of the Lecanium herein described. 
One of the co-type females of L. punctuliferum, var. 
lamborni, contains the pupa of a Chalcidid parasite, and 
another example in situ upon the stem of the food-plant 
has a small perforation in the dorsum indicating the 
escape of a similar or identical parasite. 
See also p. 447. 
* “ Coccidae of Ceylon,” p. 205, pl. Ixx, figs. 5-13 (1904). 
+ “Ants: Their Structure and Development,” p. 341, fig. 205 (1910), 
EXPLANATION OF PLatTes XXVI-XXIX. 
(See Explanation facing the PLATES.) 
