( xi ) 
palaearctic ; Kashmir below that having a fauna characterised 
by some Chinese elements, which run into India only by the 
southern slopes of the Himalayas (as Papilio, Apatura, Neptis, 
Ypthima). From Srinagar to the top of the Himalayas the 
fauna has some similarity with that of Chitral, the Mts. of 
Bokhara and the eastern Alai Mts. (Vanessa rizana and V. 
cashmirensis, Erebia kalinda, Thecla sassanides; the endemic 
Argynnis jerdani and the Sphingid, Macroglossa rubra are 
closely allied to the Turkestan forms A. hegemone, as found in 
the Alai Mts., and M. ducalis). The Ladakh from Zoji-la has 
some zoogeographical affinity with the Russian Pamir (P. 
machaon ladakensis, the short-tailed form, is only found 
on the Pamir plateau, Pieris deota, Colias eogene, Hrebia 
manni, the Satyrus huebneri group, Lycaena arvana, L. amphissa, 
Chrysophanus aditya—which has closely related forms in 
Pamir). Rupshu has very little connection with other parts of 
Ladakh and Kashmir, purely Tibetan forms being found there, 
e. g. Parnassius acco, P. aedestis, f. nov., P. n. sp. allied to P. 
cephalus, Gr. Gr., Preris deota, Colias stoliczkana, Paroeneis 
pumilus, Melitaea balbita, etc. It is interesting to note that 
P. acco, P. aedestis and C. stoliczkana are only found, apart 
from this locality, in Amdo, Koko Nor and Sikkim. Colas 
ladakensis seems also to be very near to C. nina from S. 
Thibet. All these facts seem to show that the fauna of 
Rupshu is closely allied to that of Thibet as we know it from 
collections made in Amdo and Sikkim. The Karakorum is also 
a part of the same zoogeographical region (Parnassus acco, 
P. simo and the P. sp. nov. referred to above). Kilian is, 
however, part of another mountain system allied to the 
Chinese Turkestan, Tian-Chien, etc. (P. epaphus huwei, P. simo 
subdiaphana, Colias cocandica, Satyrus heidenreichi—the big 
Turkestan form, etc.). 
During the same period another collection was made in 
Aksu (Tian-Chien), amongst which was found the celebrated 
Parnassius loxias of which previously only three specimens 
were known. 
Paper. 
The following paper was read by Commander WALKER. 
“ Trichogramma, Westw., probably synonymous with Pentar- 
