Cte) 
came to be differentiated from the male? It is a very easy 
process to understand. 
“T apologise for the poor condition of the males, they will 
flutter about and break their tails even before their wings are 
dry, and IJ had great difficulty in killing them without letting 
them escape. Indeed several I put into a large box as soon 
as they came out of the pupa, kept them in the dark until 
night, and then executed them. It was a good thing there 
was no one about to hear how I abused them as they broke 
their tails in the killing bottle ! 
“As regards the larvae, the subjoined are rather rough 
notes on their appearance. Before the first moult they are 
blackish, a little white showing posteriorly. After first moult 
they are chocolate with the greater part of the anterior and 
posterior two segments white; after second moult some white 
appears in the middle of the body as a dorsal suffusion over 
the chocolate, running downwards and forwards dividing the 
chocolate area into two, the anterior part of which is somewhat 
more swollen than the posterior. The lowest part of the body 
at level of bases of legs is white all along. During this stage 
I was very much struck with the likeness to a large bird drop- 
ping—one which has been extruded while the bird sat on a 
twig, and has not fallen from a height so as to obliterate its 
cylindrical shape. The curious glistening line of the chocolate 
areas which sometimes makes them look greyish, the more 
swollen anterior part of body, the attitude of the larva (it 
often rests with this anterior part slightly deviated to one or 
- other side), and the great sluggishness of the larva, all con- 
tribute very materially to the resemblance, which struck me 
very forcibly. 
“ After the third ecdysis the larva becomes too big to gain 
by resemblance to a bird dropping, and the white at the 
anterior extremity becomes invaded dorsally by the chocolate, 
which becomes gradually lighter in hue, eventually turning 
greenish. After the fourth ecdysis the head changes from black 
to green; the filaments from segments 1 and 11 become 
very short and stunted—the dorsal white on the anterior two 
segments is wholly replaced by green, and the chocolate hue 
elsewhere has now become leaf green, with two or four (it 
