( cix ) 
though I do not happen to have enough specimens to feel 
sure of this; it certainly flew with the others, and was not 
usually recognised until captured. 
On turning to the Guarda group (really Val Tuoi, 6,000 ft. 
and upwards) the general coloration here has a distinctly 
sooty-black tone, such as culminates in the nearly black var. of 
manto, named caecilia, which contrasts with the redder brown- 
black of the Le Lautaret series. I have added several lower 
level manto for comparison. Mr. Turner’s manto from Karer 
Pass are, again, of a more ruddy form. 
The change from what I regard as a normal form in all 
these races, is in smaller size, darker colour and diminution 
of the rusty spots and bands. Assuming this to be for some 
reason an effect of high level, it will hardly account for the 
change having the same amount and direction in the several 
species at each locality, but not identical with the change at 
another station. There is obviously a tendency for each 
species, whilst undergoing this change. to approach its neigh- 
bours that are undergoing a similar alteration. 
What I have said perhaps implies that pharte is constant 
and that the other species approach it, but the movement 
by pharte is really quite as great as by manto, melampus or 
ceto. E. melampus occurred at Guarda more or less with the 
pharte and manto, but preserved its own facies there, differing 
altogether from the pharte-manto combination, but varying 
to a form without any black spots in the rusty band. This 
band, however, remained quite bright and clear, wholly unlike 
its greater or less obsolescence in pharte and manto. I might 
perhaps add that these two species were fairly common and 
always together in about equal proportions. 
It seems very desirable that considerable series of these 
species should be taken at localities where they occur together. 
I anticipate that such concomitant variation as my exhibit 
shows, would be found to be not uncommon. 
Prof. PouLton observed that he saw no other solution so 
probable as that of mimicry, and that though the bird popula- 
tion was now small it may have been greatly reduced by man, 
birds on the Continent not enjoying the protection now 
extended to them in England. 
