( exliv. ) 
radial area below vein 7, including the upper and lower 
sections, the same pattern prevails as on the fold, whilst 
below vein 1 in the basal portion the scales are similar to those 
in the cell, but as they near the tornus they become like those 
on the radial area. The inner margin itself is fringed with 
fine, very long, bluish hair-like scales, quite cylindrical, that 
become whiter as they merge into the fringes proper, these 
scales are also found in some numbers over all the basal 
area. What we usually call the fringes, 7.e. those scales 
which are found on the termen are always very beautiful 
objects, they are of two patterns both having the same shape 
and structure but with different lengths and apices, the 
shorter fringe scales are brown with very deeply and sharply 
quadriserrate apices with a few triserrate amongst them, 
both sorts are of an inverted lanceolate shape, on a fine, very 
long stalk, spreading out rapidly for the terminal third in a 
fan-like structure with very deeply serrated apices, the long 
terminal fringe scales are white, and have five and six exceed- 
ingly deep fine serrations at the apices—both these scales are 
very finely ribbed, so finely indeed that under a moderately 
high power we do not obtain a really adequate idea of the 
structure, the subterminal area is composed of brown scales 
similar to those clothing the veins, but the longest pattern 
with the quadrifid apex very largely predominates. All the 
wing scales are finely ribbed. We now come to the last type 
of scale that is found on the fore wing, one whose office is 
not yet known; usually it is devoid of colour, though not 
always, and it has attracted more attention than any of 
the others. I refer of course to the battledore scales, though 
personally I think the German appellation is much more to 
the point, viz. Blasenschuppen “bladder scales.” These 
are present under each row of ordinary scales in considerable 
numbers, they are in this species subovate with a long fine 
stem and have eleven rows of reticulations; they may be 
recognised at a glance nearly always on account of being 
devoid of colour (with a few exceptions) and always strongly 
shagreened, they are more or less rotund and are I believe, 
as has been stated by previous authors, only found in the 
male sex; it is however incorrect to state that they are only 
