( elxxvi ) 
so that they cross each other, but the margin is not upturned 
as in Dioptes) ; these are long stout hairs; next to these nearer 
the base is a patch of broad short white androconia erect 
from the membrane. In the secondaries there is also a large 
brand of cream-coloured androconia composed of minute, 
closely packed, narrow, elliptical, short, erect scales. The 
number of these must be very large, for they are not more 
than a quarter the size of those in Dioptes catalla and the 
patch is larger; the surrounding scales do not appear to sweep 
round and face these androconia, as in some species, and they 
do not seem to affect the scaling of the undersurface in any 
serious degree. 
Drupadia boisduvalii, another Indian species in the Ruralid 
section, has a brand on the underside of the primaries, in 
some respects not unlike that on the secondaries in the 
previous species; the inner margin has been prominently 
excurved, no doubt on account of this large sex mark; it is 
somewhat shining deep cream colour, of an ovate shape, 
being surrounded on its three lower sides by a large area of 
irregular milk-white sub-transparent scales, whilst above is 
a narrow area of somewhat similar more regular dark brown 
scales, which are also transparent under transmitted light. 
The brand is composed of very broad scales, rather irregular 
at their apices, these are erect from the membrane and on the 
outer areas form an almost perfect honeycomb; instead of 
being packed closely together as in the previous cases, in the 
more central part of the brand the cells (so to speak) are pressed 
more closely and irregularly together; under the microscope 
the colour is almost orange with a direct light, and this is 
but little modified under transmitted light; this patch ex- 
amined from the reverse side is quite solid showing that the 
formation of the cells is real and complete; the upper side 
of the secondaries has a reciprocal brand which is very delicate 
so far as the combination of its colours go, it also is surrounded 
by an area of small milky white sub-transparent scales, again 
not diverted from their usual position; the sex mark is com- 
posed of two kinds of scales, the one is of moderate length 
and broad and is milky white, the other is decidedly narrower, 
rather longer and tawny in colour, except its apex which is 
