the Lepid&pterous Family Cossidae. 



157 



in both sexes 3 and contains one Australian species. The 

 type of Budgeona is Indian, and has the j antennae shortly 

 bipectinate to apex, and veins (i and 7 of the hind-wings 

 separate; I), actinias, Turn., from Australia has the 

 antennae simple in both sexes, and 6 and 7 of the hind- 

 wings connate; there is a third unnamed species from 

 Africa, which is intermediate, having the q antennae 

 simple, but 6 and 7 of the hind-wings separate. In view 

 of their close specific relationship and agreement in all 

 other structural details, it does not seem necessary to 

 divide the genus. In neuration Cossodes and Dudgeona 

 are closely allied. Both possess an areole of moderate size 

 in the fore-wing, with a branched median nerve in both 

 wings. The areole be- 

 tween 8 and 9 is com- 

 pleted not by the usual 

 anastomosis, but by a 

 sin lit cross-bar, probably 

 a more primitive arrange- 

 ment. It is interesting to 

 note that in one example 

 of D. actinias examined 

 this cross-bar was absent. 

 leaving the areole open. 

 The full importance of t his 

 observation will be seen 

 later. The Australian 

 genus Ptilomacra has. 

 like many others of the 

 family, lost its tibial 



spurs, the antennae of both sexes show a double row 

 of long pectinations to the apex, in the 3 very long, the 

 palpi are small and very hairy, but in its neuration it 

 agrees very closely with the preceding genera, the only 

 differences in the fore-wing being a larger areole, and 

 stalking of veins 7 and 8. The European Cossus is not 

 very far removed from Ptilomacra in neuration (fig. -1). 

 the principal difference being the smaller and more pro- 

 jecting areole. on the apex of which the origins of 7. 8, 9. 

 in are crowded together, and the obsolescence of the dorsal 

 half of the basal fork of 16, which is vestigial. It has the 

 antennae shortly and evenly bipectinate to apex in both 

 sexes, the palpi moderately short, the tibiae without spurs, 

 and the frenulum in the j\ though stout, apparently 



Fig. 3. — Ptilomacra sen-ex, Wlk. 



