186 Dr. A. Jefferis Turner's Observations on 



an areole is never formed. In the Acidalianae, on the 

 other hand, an areole is present in most genera, and those 

 that do not possess it have lost it, the stages of its loss 

 being often still preserved. The Acidalianae are a 

 specialised, not a primitive subfamily, and their areole is 

 evidently a secondary one. Similarly the Larentianae have 

 nearly always a secondary areole, originally double, but 

 with its internal partition often not developed, formed by 

 an anastomosis of 11 with 10, and of 10 with 9.* 



Fig. 56. — Eois aversata, Linn. Fig. 57. — Hydriomena dotata, Linn. 



Conclusion. 

 To sum up the results obtained by this inquiry. All 

 the Lepidoptera Heteroneura are descended from a group 

 with cossid neuration, to which, for convenience, I will 

 give the name Protocossidae. The Protocossidae possessed 

 a spiral proboscis or tongue with at least rudimentary 

 maxillary palpi ; + it had well-developed labial palpi, 

 porrect or ascending; the tibial spurs were long and all 

 present. The neuration of the fore-wing was that of 

 Zeuzera, except that all the veins from the areole arose 

 separately as in Macrocyttara. The neuration of the hind- 

 wing was that of Xyleutes, except that a short oblique 

 vein connected the cell with 8 as in Xystus. Perhaps the 

 nearest living genus to the Protocossidae is Titanomis, a, 

 primitive Tineid, and from a form resembling this have 

 descended the Tortricidae. and a very large proportion, if 

 not all.f of the Tineidae. From the Protocossidae arose 



* These conclusions may possibly be modified by a more ex- 

 haustive study of the family than I am able to give to it at present. 



-;- Either the Protocossidae had five-jointed maxillary palpi, or 

 those Tineidat which possess them, together with their immediate 

 allies, descended from the heteroneurous trunk by a separate stem 

 at an earlier level, and the Tineidae contain the descendants of two 

 separate lines of descent approximated by convergence, 



