( liii ) 



the Hedjaz Railway); in Asia Minor; in Greece, Turkey, 

 Russia and many other European countries. Until about 

 three months ago there was no visible sign of the insect's 

 ravages; a hole then appeared in the body of the box; soon 

 a large amount of white powder was produced; and very 

 soon the box showed signs of rapid disintegration. I "was 

 then in Southern Russia. About two or two and a half 

 months ago, while on the journey home, I found the larva 

 loose in the box. It is enclosed in the box. separately wrajmed 

 in paper. Pray keep the box if it is of any interest, and in 

 no case trouble to return it. I should be glad to hear the 

 result of your observations on the larva, if it is not causing 

 you too much trouble. 



" Yours faithfully. 



" F. CI, Clemow. 



" January 8, 1918." 



JuGO-FRENATE GENERA OF MlCROPTERYGIDAE. Dr. TURNER 



read the following note on Mr. Tillyard's discovery in the 

 wing structure of certain Australian Micropterygidae : — 



While carrying out his researches upon the Phylogeny of 

 the Panorpoid Orders, Mr. R. J. Tillyard, M.A., B.Sc, 

 F.L.S., F.E.S., Macleay Fellow in Zoology of the Linnean 

 Society of New South Wales, has made a careful study of the 

 Jugate Lepidoptera. The result of the study of five genera 

 of the family Micropterygidae (sens, lat., including the Erio- 

 craniidae) is that he finds them all to be, not of the jugate 

 type of the Hepialidae, but of a more primitive jugo-frenate 

 tvpe, in which the wing-coupling apparatus closely resembles 

 that of the Planipennia, Megaloptera and Mecoptera. On 

 the hind-wing, near the base of the costa, there is a strongly 

 developed frenulum of from two to six bristles (usually three 

 or four), which becomes engaged, during flight, in the sinus 

 formed between the dorsum of the fore-wing and the so-called 

 jugum ; this latter is bent under the fore-wing with its apex 

 pointing outwards and forwards, and acts as a retinaculum 

 for the frenulum, and not in any way as a jugum or " yoke " 

 for the costa of the hind-wing, as it does in Hepialidae. The 

 accompanying figure will explain these points clearly. Mr. 

 Tillyard will shortly publish a full account of his researches. 



