( clxxi ) 



males can always be distinguished by the shape of their 

 scent-scales; the females, as above ooticed, present no 

 difficulty. 



The scent -scales show soms individual differences, but the 

 laminae of those of G. epaphia appear always to have parallel 

 sides, with a somewhat squared base and a comparatively 

 shallow apex. In /'. sabina the sides may be parallel or may 

 be curved toward-; each other like a, pair of parenthesis-marks, 

 but the base is always rounded and the apex comparatively 

 sharp. When the sides are parallel, the lamina of P. sabina 

 may be called U-shaped; when they are curved, the lamina 

 tends to become cordate. In either case it differs from the 

 almost rectangular proximal portion of the lamina in G. 

 epaphia. This distinction holds good not only for the con- 

 tinental forms of the two species, but also for their respective 

 Ion i is found in Madagascar. 



It may here be worth while to point out that a certain 

 amount of confusion exists with regard to the Madagascar 

 form of P. sabina. The female, of this subspecies was originally 

 described and figured by Boisduval as Pieris phileris, ? 

 ("Faun. Lep. de Madag.," p. 17, pi. 2, fig. 5). It does not, 

 however, belong to the male Pieris (Belenois) phileris with 

 which Boisduval associated it: and this author's name for it 

 will therefore not stand. In 1872 it was included by Mr. 

 Butler in his list of species of the old genus Pieris as Belenois 

 confusa sp. n. Butler afterwards described a similar female 

 as Belenois coniata <$ ("Cist. Entom." 2, p. 391). Mabille 

 ("Hist, Nat. de Madag., Lepid.," i. p. 263, pi. 31, figs. 5, 

 5a, 6, 6a) described and figured the form under Butler's name 

 of Pieris confusa. His descriptions and figures of the " male " 

 and female are, however, in every case those of the latter 

 sex. These mistakes no doubt arose from the fact that in 

 these two species, as in several other forms of the A})j>i<ts 

 group, the female as well as the male is furnished with a 

 terminal tuft of hairs, quite distinct, though smaller than 

 that of the in des. This fact, together with the great diversity 

 between the appearance of the sexes in P. sabina or confusa, 

 and the ease with which the males of that species may be 

 taken for those of G. epaphia, has led to the very natural 



