156 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the 
antennee. Mr. MacLeay’s description of the maxilla of Orphnus 
is however incorrect, since in this respect, as well as in the free 
joints of the club of its antenne, it belongs to the Trogide. 
In the “ Régne Animal” Latreille united the Geotrupide and 
Trogide into his section Arenicoli, distinguished from the Copro- 
phagi (Scarabeide and Aphodiide, MacLeay) by the exserted 
mandibles and labrum, and the distinct terminal point of the labial 
palpi; and from the Xylophili (Dynastide and Rutelide) by the 
elytra covering the extremity of the abdomen and the exposed 
labrum, &c. He however divides the 4renicoli into two groups, 
Geotrupides and Trogides, which do not however precisely agree 
with MacLeay’s two families ; the Geotrupides being characterized 
by having the two lobes of the labium distinct and exserted, and the 
antenne generally 11-jointed ; whilst the Trogides are described as 
having 10-jointed antennz, the labium entirely concealed beneath 
the mentum, and the maxille dentated on the inner edge. I have 
not however found Latreille’s primary character of these two 
groups of so much importance as he gives to them; because, as the 
lobes of the labium are membranous and retractile, they shrink 
in drying, and thus often become concealed when they would be 
exserted while living; moreover they are often exserted but hidden 
beneath the scapes of the labial palpi. 
Latreille divides his Geotrupides into three sub-sections. 
1. Those with 9-jointed antenne; namely, the genera 7 gialia 
(which has been already noticed above as more strictly referable 
to the 7rogide on account of its maxillee and distinct joints of the 
club of the antennze) and Chiron, MacLeay—a most interesting 
genus placed by its founder in the family Zucanide, but which 
Latreille, with greater acumen, introduces near to dgialia. Mr. 
MacLeay, indeed, admits that he did not examine the maxille of 
this genus; but the strongly exserted dentate labrum and minute 
scutellum are sufficient to create suspicion of its Lucanideous 
relationship, whilst the maxilla are very similar to those of 
Orphnus and Ochodeus. 
2. Those with 11-jointed antennz, including Lethrus, Geotrupes, 
Athyreus, Elephastonus, Bolboceras. 'To these Latreille adds 
Ochodeus ; but that genus, although various recent French authors 
have described it as having 11-jointed antenne (apparently from 
Latreille having introduced it into this group rather than ex visu 
proprio), in reality possesses ten joints to its antenne, and, as above 
mentioned, is very close in its relationship to Orphaus. 
3, Those with 10-jointed antennee, namely, Hybosorus and 
