of the Genus Panorpa, &c. 185 
Genus Panorpa, Linnezus. 
A. Species Europe. 
Sp. 1. Panorpa communis, Linnzeus. 
Fusco-nigra, meso- et metathorace linea media lata lutea, ab- 
dominis apice rufo; alis ad apicem subacutis, hyalinis, venis 
fasciis maculisque nigris, stigmate elongato ; vena prima longi- 
tudinali, pone stigma, ter furcata. 
Sp. 2. Panorpa Germanica, Linnzus, 
Fusco-nigra, meso- et metathorace linea media lutea, abdominis 
apice rufo-luteo; alis ad apicem rotundatis hyalinis, venis 
fasciis maculisque nigris, stigmate breviori; vena prima pone 
stigma bis furcata. 
Such are the only characters which I have been able to dis- 
cover which afford any satisfactory ground for the establishment 
of more than a single species amongst the British individuals be- 
longing to this genus. By Mr. Stephens five species are given as 
British, namely :-—1. P. communis, Linn.; 2. P. affinis, Leach ; 
3. P. apicalis, Steph. ; 4. P. borealis, Steph. ; and 5. P. Germanica, 
Steph. ; but the characters given by him of these supposed species 
rest only on difference of size and variation of marking of the 
wings, neither of which appear to me to afford grounds for specific 
distinctions. The P. Germanica of Linnzeus is described by that 
author as half the size of P. communis, with the wings only marked 
with a dark apical spot and stigma. The P. Germanica of Stephens 
wants the apical spot, but has a dark mark on the costal edge of 
the wings. Dr. Klug has, however, reduced all those supposed 
species to varieties of P. communis, a step which will, I believe, in 
the end, be found to be correct. In fact Mr, Stephens himself 
states (Illust. 6, p. 53) that P. borealis may be a variety of P. Ger- 
manica, and he has subsequently informed me that he is now of 
the same opinion as regards P. apicalis. After a very careful 
examination of specimens of the remaining three species—P. com- 
munis, affinis, and Germanica—I must confess that I can find no 
decided characters beyond those given above ; I therefore consider 
P. affinis as a variety of P. Germanica, and I am not without an 
idea that the variation in the form of the wings, and the difference 
in the number of furcations of the veins behind the stigma, will 
also prove unsatisfactory and insufficient. 
