162 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Oriental Species 



of long hairs, which the insect can doubtless erect and depress at 

 will. The antennae are long and but moderately clubbed ; the palpi 

 are of moderate length and breadth, the fore legs reduced to a 

 very small size, incapable of walking. The little that is known of 

 the preparatory states of these insects teaches that the cater- 

 pillars are cylindrical, with the head cornuted or forked, and with 

 the extremity of the body terminating into two points or tails. 



Now there are three modes of looking at an animal with reference 

 to the remainder of the creation. Either the species is to be 

 considered, as completely independent of all other species, and 

 produced for a given end, without reference to any other animal, 

 or the species is to be regarded with especial reference to such 

 species as are approximated to it by similarity of structure, which 

 constitutes that relationship which has been termed affinity ; or 

 thirdly, the species is to be examined, not only with reference to 

 its direct affinities, but also in respect to its resemblance to other 

 and more distant tribes, which constitute the principle which has 

 been termed analogy. 



This is not the place to enter into very lengthy observations 

 on these different relationships. The Horae Entomologicae, the 

 latter volumes of the Introduction to Entomology, and various 

 detached memoirs by Messrs. MacLeay, Kirby, Vigors, Hors- 

 field, Swainson, &c., may be advantageously consulted ; but I 

 apprehend that no one will venture to deny the existence of these 

 different kinds of relationships, although they may, and probably 

 will, differ as to the mode of their application in reference to the 

 discovery of the natural system. 



Mr. MacLeay, indeed, regarded relations of analogy as of the 

 highest value in testing the natural arrangement of groups ; and, 

 taking as a starting point one of his five divisions of Annulose ani- 

 mals, namely, his Amelahola,\\e regarded the different resemblances 

 or analogies which exist between the types of each of the five 

 subdivisions of the Ametabola, and the larvae of different tribes 

 of Coleopterous insects, as affording a means of dividing the 

 Coleoptera into so many primary groups, arranged in a parallel 

 series with the five groups of^ Ametabola. 



The same principle was applied by Dr. Horsfield to the Lepidop- 

 tera, in order to test the divisions (not of the whole order, but) of the 

 Diurnal species, and on this principle five groups ofDiurna were es- 

 tablished, the resemblance to the Clillopoda (Scolopendra, &c.) being 

 supposed to exist in those caterpillars which have a series of appen- 

 dages or diverging spines along the sides of the body, recalling to 

 mind in some degree the protruded numerous legs of the centi- 



