of Butter fixes related to the Genus Morpho. 165 



long and cylindrical, with several erect spines on each segment, 

 the fore segments being furnished with small tufts of hair ; the 

 head bifid on the crown in the latter species, but apparently 

 simple in the former, the tail being forked in both. (Merian, pi. 7 

 and pi. 68.) How far Madame Merian's figures of the trans- 

 formations of Morpho Menelaus, pi. 55, and M. Nestor, pi. 9, be 

 worthy of confidence, is questionable. Dr. Burmeister, indeed, 

 in his excellent revision of M. Merian's plates, says of pi. 9, 

 " Auf dieses Tafel ist alles unrichtig. Die Raupe gehort nicht 

 zu ein Tagvogel, sondern wahrscheinlich zu Sphinx Vitis, wenig- 

 stens habe ich ahnliche Uebergangskleider bei dieser Art beo- 

 bachtet ; die Puppe ist ganz gewiss die verlassene Htilse eines 

 Ritters, und scheint mir zu Papilio Polycaon zu gehoren, der 

 spater (Tab. 31) mit ganz ahnlicher Hiilse und nochmals Tab. 

 67 mit noch nicht verlassener Puppe verkommt" (Burmeister, 

 Krit. Beraerk. iiber M. S. Merian, Met. Ins. Surin, p. 4) — 

 whilst of Madame Merian's figures of the transformations of 

 M. Menelaus (pi. 53) Burmeister thinks that neither the larva 

 nor pupa is that of a diurnal Lepidopterous insect. Of the 

 transformations of the genus Caligo, we know only those of 

 C. Teucer, Merian, Ins. Sur. pi. 23, of which Burmeister re- 

 marks, " Raupe und Puppe sind zwar nicht besonders gerathen, 

 aber doch kenntlich genug, um sich iiberzeugen zu konnen, dass sie 

 wirklich zum Schmetterlinge gehoren." The general similarity 

 in form of this caterpillar with that of Discophora Celinde, Hors- 

 field, and Opsiphanes Cassice, Merian, pi. 32, as well also as that 

 represented in Merian's pi. 8 (which she gave as that of Ageronia 

 Feronia), proves that in this respect Madame Merian was right, 

 although the caterpillar and chrysalis of C. Idomeneus (pi. 60) 

 are so unlike the former, that Burmeister has evident reason to 

 say, that " Die Raupe passt weit eher zu einem Nachtvogel als 

 zu einem Tagvogel," which is moreover fully confirmed by Stoll's 

 figures of Opsiphanes Berecynthus and Cassia. (Suppl. Cramer, 

 pi. 3, fig. 3 and fig. 4.) The caterpillars of these species in their 

 long bodies, cornuted heads, and long bifid tails, approach cer- 

 tainly to the type of the Hipparchiidce, of which the following is 

 the character given in the " Genera of Diurnal Lepidoplera." 



" Larva attenuated at the extremity of the body, and almost 

 pisciform, tomtntose, terminated by two more or less prominent 

 anal points ; the head rounded, sometimes emarginate or bifid, or 

 sometimes surmounted by two spines." 



But this particular form of caterpillar extends still further, 

 since Dr. Horsfield was fortunately successful in rearing Mela~ 

 nitis uudularis in Java. This insect belongs to the family Eiiry^ 



