166 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Oriental Species 



telldcp, and has a caterpillar shorter in proportion than that of 

 Hipparckia Leda (figured by Horsfield, pi. 8, fig. 9), and appa- 

 rently with the body smooth, the head of moderate size, with 

 two erect slender horns, and the tail with two long simple points 

 (Horsfield, pi. 8, fig. 8), wliilst the closely-allied Didonis Bibtis 

 ( = Bibl}s Thadana, Godart), for a knowledge of the transforma- 

 tions of which we are indebted to Dr. Boisduval (Crochard's Edit. 

 R. Animal, Ins. pi. 136, fig. 4), has the larva cylindrical, the joints 

 rather constricted, with the anterior segments attenuated ; the head 

 armed with two long slender horns, the fourth segment of the body 

 produced above into a conical point, hairy at the tip ; each of the 

 other segments produced above into a small slender setigerous lobe, 

 and the tail is apparently simple ; the general appearance oi the larva 

 is in fact that of a true Nymphalideous butterfly. So also the larva 

 of Ergolis Coryta, although belonging to the family of Eurytelidce, 

 has a larva (as we learn likewise from Dr. Horsfield's work, pi. 7, 

 fig. 6) furnished, it is true, with two long spiny horns on the 

 head, but also with a series of setose spines on each segment, so 

 that it closely resembles the larvas of such Nymphalideous genera 

 as Epicalia, Gyncecia and Myscelia (especially Myc. Ariadne, Stoll. 

 Suppl. Cram. pi. 4, fig. 4), and even the larvae of some of the 

 fritillaries figured by Hiibner, but in these the two long porrected 

 spines arise not from the head, but from the first segment of the 

 body. Now this revision of the larvae, with cornuted heads and 

 bifid taills, comprises, I believe, the whole series of butterflies, 

 whose transformations are known up to the present time, which 

 could be assigned to the Thysanuriform type, were we exclusively 

 to build our classification of butterflies upon this single character. 



The late Mr. Swainson, in his highly ingenious and often suc- 

 cessful views, has made some observations on these larvae, and 

 the principal variations to be met with among them which appear 

 worthy of being borne in mind. In his latest work (The Natural 

 History and Arrangement of Insects, in Lardner's Cyclopaedia, 

 p. 93), he has adopted a family Satyridce (Hipparchiidce, nob.), 

 which he had previously comprised amongst the Nymphnlidce, 

 making it include not only the Hipparchiidce of temperate cli- 

 mates, but also the gigantic Morpltida of the tropics, which, on 

 account of the cornuted heads and long bodies, terminated in two 

 processes, either assuming the appearance of tails or of two little 

 short spines of their caterpillars, he thinks, " must of necessity 

 represent the Gallinacece or Rasores among birds, and the horned, 

 cattle or ruminants {U?igulata) among quadrupeds.* Now both 

 * It isscarcely necessary toobserve, that Mr. Swainson's classifications are entirely 

 founded on the system of representation existing amongst various groups of animals 



