of Butterfiies related to the Genus Morpho. 167 



of these groups of vertebrate animals, in their respective classes, 

 are the only ones which have horns, crests or pointed appendages 

 on their heads. " Look to the whole of the order Ungulata, and 

 you will find the rhinoceros, with its horned snout, and the nume- 

 rous families of deer and antelopes and oxen, all decorated in 

 this manner ; turn to the gallinaceous birds, and you will find 

 nearly all the peacocks and pheasants ornamented either with 

 conspicuous crests or with little ear-like egrets, the different fowls 

 with fleshy combs cresting their heads, and the front of the 

 different guinea- hens armed with bony protuberances." So with 

 reference to the analogies resulting from the caudal appendages 

 of these so-called Thysanuriform larvae, " if it be inquired what 

 are the birds which have the greatest development of tail ? the 

 merest tyro will name the peacocks, the pheasants, and all the 

 typical gallinaceous birds, as possessing this member in the highest 

 state of development. The analogy of this order of birds with 

 that composed of the domesticated quadrupeds, long ago pointed 

 out by Linnaeus, is unquestionable, and we accordingly find that 

 the horse, which stands at their head, has the most beautiful tail 

 among quadrupeds." Again, " it is notorious that the most 

 bulky of true quadrupeds are found in the class Ungulata; there 

 we have the elephant, the hippopotamus, and the whole family 

 of antelopes and oxen ; the largest birds, on the same principle, 

 occur in the rasorial order, and in like manner the giants of the 

 diurnal butterflies all proceed from the Thysanuriform cater- 

 pillars" (p. 67). In a subsequent page, he enters into the analo- 

 gies exhibited by the perfect insects comprising his group of Saty- 

 ridce {Hipparchiidce and Morphidce, nob.), and, in addition to the 

 large size already noticed above, he observes that *' the strong 

 peculiarity which runs through all these groups is, that the under 

 surface of the wings is invariably ornamented with beautiful 

 ocellate spots: these spots in the large American species resemble 

 in form, but not in brilliancy of colour, those on the tail of the 

 peacock, but in the European examples they are smaller, more 

 numerous, and often silvery. The general structure of all these 

 insects, even those of the largest, is weak. The typical groups 

 live only in the dark primeval forests, resting on the trunks of trees 

 during the meridian heat, and show a decided partiality for shade ; 

 some, indeed, fly only towards the dusk of the evening. These 

 habits, strikingly contrasting with those of the Papilionidts and 

 Nymphalidce, show that we have reached an aberrant group of the 

 Diurnal Lepidoptera, and illustrate that general habit and struc- 

 ture must have more weight than partial considerations drawn 

 either from the larva, pupa or the perfect insect." 



