Captain T. Hutton's Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. 47 



loth species ; 2nd, the fact of their being taken in coitu is no 

 more conclusive evidence of identity of species, than the same act 

 between the ass and the mare wouki be ! or the linnet and canary, 

 or of depraved man with the brute beast I Tlie species being 

 nearly allied, may in certain cases where the females of either are 

 scarce, or have been destroyed by some mischance, lead the 

 amorous male to couple with the nearly allied species, in order 

 merely to gratify his fierce desires, but we have no proof of the 

 female becoming prolific from such intercourse ; nor if we had, 

 could it furnish more evidence than in the case of the horse and 

 ass. I shall endeavour by the end of the year to make up a box of 

 insects for the Entomological Society, and another for yourself, 

 which I must beg you to accept. I shall likewise endeavour to 

 procure a supply of the new mulberry silk worm ; the eggs which 

 I had procured for you were kept in too warm a situation, and 

 hatched at a season when tliere were no mulberry leaves, so that 

 they all died. In the meantime, I send you a few remarks on the 

 genus Papilio, which will show what we have here in that genus. 



Order LEPIDOPTERA. 



Section 1. Lepidoptera diurna. 



Family 1. PAPILIONID^. 



Genus 1. Papilio. 



Sp. 1. Papilio Machaon. The Swallow-tail Butterfly. 



It does not appear to differ from examples of the European 

 insect which I possess. At Deyrah, in the valley of the Dhoon, it 

 is seen on the wing as early as February, and in April, its cater- 

 pillars are abundant there on the carrot. At Mussooree, in the 

 hills, it appears in the latter end of March and continues till 

 October. The caterpillar is green, with a black velvety trans- 

 verse band across each segment, bearing four spots of bright 

 orange ; it possesses the orange coloured retractile process in the 

 head, from which exudes a liquid drop of a strong aromatic scent, 

 when the insect is touched, precisely as in the European cater- 

 pillar. The food is the wild and garden carrot, and the leaves 

 and flowers of the raddish. I have taken the caterpillars at 

 Mussooree early in May, and the pupa on the 18th May. The 

 same species is abundant at Simla, and extends far into the 

 interior. 



Sp. 2. P. Podalirius, 

 This species, if it really does exist in these parts, must be 



