some new forms of Parnassius. 357 



shape of narrow crescents and stripes as in the Turkestan 

 forms. It may be remembered that the two anal mark- 

 ings in staudingeri never have blue scales. The general 

 appearance is transparent, more like that of hunza. The 

 two discal ocelli of the secondaries are filled with a faint 

 reddish colouring, approaching that of the forms from 

 Central Pamir and Hindukush — jakohsoni, Avin., and 

 hunza. The main difference of this new Ladak race and 

 jakohsoni consists in the characters of the antemarginal 

 markings of the hindwing, the lunule in the interspace 4 

 being less conspicuously produced inwardly. I call this 

 new race mamaievi, from the name of my friend Mr. M. 

 MamaifE, with whom I made the journey from India to 

 Turkestan (Plate LIII, fig. 5, (^; 6, $). 



Near the Saltoro Glacier in Baltistan the expedition of 

 Mrs. F. Bullock- Workman has found a form of delphius 

 exhibiting a transition from mamaievi to hunza. I name 

 it subsp. ivorkmani (Plate LIII, fig. 7, $). The submar- 

 ginal markings are distinctly those of mamaievi, but very 

 much reduced in size, and transformed into isolated plain 

 dark spots. The upper ocellus of my unique female is 

 black. The discal area of the forewing presents the 

 character of hunza in respect of the diffuse dark scaling 

 crossing the wing along the veins in the third interspace. 



The Hindukush group of delphius races seems to consist 

 as far as known of three races. The two formerly described 

 ones are hunza from Beik Pass, and chitralensis, Verity, 

 from Chandur. I have these forms in my collection, and 

 notice that the race recently obtained by my friend Mr. A. 

 Smith in the mountains between Kila Drosh and Kafiristan 

 does not belong to either of the two mentioned above. 

 There is no transverse continuous discal band running to 

 the inner margin of the primaries, as is the case in chitral- 

 ensis; on the other hand, the fuscous antemarginal band 

 of the secondaries presents some light interspaces, absent 

 in the true hunza. The shape of the hindwing is particu- 

 larly narrow, with a well-marked angle at vein 6. My 

 two males have heavy anal black markings and dark 

 discal ocelli. The female has merely a few dark scales in 

 the place of the anal patches. The discal ocelU are centred 

 with pale flesh-red. 



This new form, which I call subsp. kafir, nov. (Plate LIII, 

 fig. 8, (^ ; 9, $), should be studied with more ample material, 

 which is so hard to obtain from these remote locahties. 



