some new forms of Parnassius. 359 



grayi in size. The shape of the antemarginal lunulae of 

 the hindwings is also a good distinct character for dis- 

 criminating both forms. Those of simulator are arrow- 

 shaped, those of grayi have not the pointed extremity 

 and present an uninterrupted dark band. 



Parnassius charltonius, Gray, subsp. vaporosus, Avin. 

 (Plate LIV, fig. 7, ^.) 



I have described this Darwas form of the glorious 

 North-Indian species from a few females. Now that I 

 have obtained through Mr. A. Hohlbeck a fine series of 

 both sexes, I am able to complete my description, by 

 pointing out the characters of the male. It has very 

 slightly developed submarginal and discal dark bands of 

 the primaries in comparison with the closely allied subsp. 

 princeps, Hour. The red-central ocellus of the secondaries 

 presents the same typical character as in the female ; it 

 is narrow, elongated in the transverse direction, the inner 

 dark outline forming almost a straight line. The semi- 

 transparent markings near the blue marginal ocelli are 

 somewhat more conspicuous than in princeps. This latter 

 character recalls the Indian forms of the species, though 

 vaporosus is undoubtedly the lightest form in the whole 

 group of allied local races of charltonius. 



Parnassius loxias, Piing., subsp. raskemensis, nov. 

 (Plate LII, fig. 10, ?.) 



The typical form of this fine species, originally known 

 only by three specimens obtained by Plingeles from the 

 Central Tian Chan Mountains, has been lately obtained by 

 me from a collector in the same locality in a large series, 

 showing very fully the limits of variation of P. loxias. 

 This rich material enables me to recognise and establish 

 with enough certitude a different, though close local race, 

 from the ramifications of the Raskem Mountains, namely, 

 from the Kiliang Pass, where the butterfly has been re- 

 corded by Mr. J. Sobolevsky from a single female, now form- 

 ing part of my collection. It differs from the Northern 

 Tian Shan type in having reduced hyaline margins of both 

 wings, and in a considerable development of the sub- 

 marginal markings. This part of the pattern of the fore- 

 wing presents a heavy fuscous band, especially broad in 

 the interspaces 2-4. The discal zigzag band characteristic 

 of the typical loxias is absent. The black submarginal 



