Structure of Scent Organs in Male Danaine Butterflies. 155 



The male hovered flutteringly about four inches over her 

 head, rising and falling a little, but on the whole at about 

 the same level. His abdomen hung down a little, and 

 every now and then at intervals of a few seconds the two 

 flaps [the male claspers, especially large in Danaines] at 

 the end of the body were mdely separated (so as to stand 

 out at right angles to the long axis of the body), and the 

 brush was quickly protruded and as quickly drawn in 

 again. I was surprised to see what a large structure it 

 was, being quite white and visible at a distance of several 

 yards. In fact, I first noticed it at that distance and went 

 closer to see what was going on. The female sat quite 

 still except for an occasional slight movement of the 

 wings. I watched for a minute or so, and it was im- 

 possible to doubt that the male was endeavouring to excite 

 the female. Just as I thought I would catch them as 

 records, the female suddenly flew away and the male 

 followed. I have, however, no doubt of the species. 



" The very -sudden protrusion of the brush might easily 

 cause the peculiar fine hairs of stellate section, described 

 by Eltringham, to break into sections which would float 

 like dust in the air," 



There can be no doubt that the dust material plays an 

 important part in the courtship of these insects. PI. XI, 

 fig. 5, is a photograph of a very small area of a slide which 

 has been dusted with a brush taken from a dry specimen. 

 The filaments which form the dust are very similar to those 

 found in A. niavius, but in transverse section whilst pre- 

 senting an irregular outline, appear less distinctly stellate. 

 They arise from very deep sockets, and communicate with 

 their respective hypodermal cells through fine canals which 

 traverse the chitinous membrane of the bag. They seem 

 not to break into such very short pieces as the niavius 

 filaments. 



Amauris egialea, Cram. 



The structure of the wing-brands in this species differs 

 in several details from that found in A. niavius. PI. XVIII, 

 fig. 3, shows the shape of the normal scales as compared 

 with those found on the scent-patch. The latter, one of 

 which is shown in the figure, are considerably elongated 

 instead of rounded as in niavius; moreover, they do not 

 closely cover the glandular area. PI. XVIII, fig. 4, shows a 

 semidiagrammatic view of a portion of the brand viewed 



