Mr. F. L. Davis on larva and pupa of Caligo memnon. 199 



advanced stage towards pupation. The fall was not more 

 than four inches. I placed a piece of soft lint under it, 

 thinking in this way to lessen the pressure, but on the 30th 

 I found the pupa flattened out on the side it lay on in the 

 same way as the first. This one died. The third larva 

 died when it appeared to be getting ready to pupate. 



The length of the fully-grown larva is 4| inches and the diameter 

 through the thickest part of the body about \ inch. The body 

 gradually tapers towards the head and tail, the central portion being 

 the thickest. The general colour is a light fawn varied with darker 

 fawn ; the whole body covered with small fine hairs of a somewhat 

 lighter colour closely set. Along the sides of the body are obliquely 

 placed and parallel streaks at short intervals of a darker fawn than 

 the general ground-colour, with a direction from the head down- 

 wards and backwards. At their lower extremities these streaks 

 are connected together by a line of the same colour extending from 

 the head to the anal extremity. The whole gives the appearance 

 of a zigzag. Along the centre of the back a thin black line extends 

 from the head to the tail. Half an inch from the head this line 

 divides into two, enclosing a very narrow space about half an inch 

 long, of a paler tint than the general ground-colour. From the 

 central longitudinal black line run oblique streaks of the same colour 

 as the oblique streaks on the sides of the body, and parallel with 

 them, in a direction from the head downwards and backwards. 

 A little in front of the centre of the body this longitudinal black 

 line is interrupted by an oval patch of a buff colour which shows 

 up very conspicuously. This patch is about one-third of an inch 

 in length and one-eighth of an inch in width. The longitudinal 

 dorsal line runs through the centre, but its colour is changed to dark 

 brown within the patch. Springing from the central dorsal black 

 line are what appear to be very sharp and thin pointed black ypines 

 standing vertically upwards. They are all very small, the longest 

 of them scarcely more than one-eighth of an inch is always 

 situated immediately in front of the oval buff-coloured patch before 

 mentioned, and they spring from each junction of the segments of 

 the body and gradually diminish in length as the head and tail are 

 approached. On touching these formidable-looking spines I found 

 them to be quite soft and easily bent. The head is of a lighter 

 fawn colour than the rest of the body with darker markings and is 

 covered thickly with short whitish hairs. Eight " horns " surround 

 its edge, three on each side which are quite small at the lower part 

 but gradually increase in length as the upper portion of the head is 

 reached; and two on the summit of the head. These last two are 



