8 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan’s Monograph of the 
same genus, that it is impossible to give any general description, 
I may say however that in the males there are three pairs of” 
appendices, properly so-called, some of which are wanting in 
certain genera. Of these, two pairs are lateral and form the su- 
perior and inferior appendices. Between the upper pair, there is 
usually another pair, thin and pointed, forming the intermediate 
appendices. Besides these there are generally an upper and 
under penis-cover, and one or two pairs of sheaths. The form of 
the penis itself must also be taken into consideration. The upper 
margin of the last abdominal segment also varies in shape and is 
often produced in the middle into a lobe, which is either a prolon- 
gation of the margin itself, or proceeds from under it; the lower 
or ventral margin less frequently possesses a lobe. The ventral 
surface of the last segments often presents processes which are of 
great specific value. 
In the females the discrimination of the various parts is much 
more difficult. There are usually two pairs of valves closing upon 
a tubular piece, whence the eggs are protruded. Sometimes 
there is a long exserted ovipositor. 
When possible, it is always advisable to examine living speci- 
mens, or those that have been recently killed, for it must be borne 
in mind that some of the parts are membranous or fleshy, and often 
undergo great changes of form in drying, and also that the drying 
of the internal fluids, and the collapsing of the walls of the abdo- 
men, cause even the horny parts to be unnaturally protruded or 
retracted. 
The outline figures of the appendices in the plates are all 
lithographed trom my own drawings, made, when possible, from 
fresh examples. No doubt in many of the more intricate forms 
the drawings are susceptible of very great improvement. 
Throughout this Monograph the following abbreviations are 
used; ‘‘app. sup.” for superior appendices, ‘‘ app. intermed.” for 
intermediate appendices, and ‘‘ app. inf.” for inferior appendices. 
In the examination of these parts I use a simple quarter-inch 
Jens, but a “Stanhope” or ‘ Codrington” will probably be found 
more suitable to some sights; however, this is very much a matter 
of habit. 
Explanation of the Abbreviations of the Bibliographical references. 
Brauer, Neurop. Aust. .. Brauer (F.), “ Neuroptera Austriaca; Wien, 
1857. 8vo. 
Burm. Handb. .. -» Burmeister (H.C. C.), “ Handbuch der Ento- 
mologie,’’? Tom, 2, Abtheil. 2; Berlin, 
1839. 8vo. 
