22 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan’s Monograph of the 
vein beyond the middle, anastomosis complete ; posterior wings 
broad, folded, discoidal cell similar in form to that of the anterior 
wings ; legs strong, tibiz more or less spinose, spurs various, but 
always with one spur on the anterior tibia (except in Cheto- 
pheryx $ ).* ; 
Larva: Head usually oval, small, second segment (pronotunr) 
rather broadly transverse, almost quadrate, third (mesonotum) 
rounded at the sides, fourth (metanotum) almost parallel at the 
sides, fifth produced at the sides and in the middle above, remain- 
ing segments nearly equal in size, furnished with isolated respi- 
ratory filaments, hooks on the last segment small; legs long, a 
horn-like prolongation between the first pair of legs beneath. 
Pupa stout, mandibles small, not toothed internally ; abdomen 
very broad, produced at the sides towards the apex and fringed 
with hairs, terminal segment usually furnished with a pair of long 
appendices, which however appear to bear no relationship to those 
of the imago. 
Case of various forms and composed of various substances: 
according to the species that makes it, always more or less 
tubular. In those genera the species of which inhabit standing 
waters the case is always free whilst the occupant is in the larva 
state, but in those that inhabit streams it is temporarily fixed 
by one end to stones, &c. ; 
The genera comprised in this family have been united with the 
Phryganide by most authors; the three-jointed maxillary palpi 
of the males will however readily separate them from that family. 
The Limnephilide are usually insects of large size and powerful 
flight, strictly nocturnal in their habits. They-may often be 
found at a great distance from places where they could have been 
bred, and are fond of taking refuge in the day-time in trees, and 
especially in firs, and if disturbed dash out with great velocity ; 
they are most numerous in temperate climates, but some species 
are found very far north. One species, not yet found in this 
country, lives out of the water in the larva state, a habit unique 
in this Order, 
The following is an attempt to tabulate the rather numerous 
genera in this family :— 
A. Spurs 1-3-4, 
a. Anterior wings distinctly granulated, 
shortand broad . . . . . . « Phacopteryx. 
* In two European genera, Enoicyla, Rambur, and Peltostomis, Kolenati— 
neither of which is represented in this country—the anterior tibiz of the males 
have no spur. Peltostomis I know by description only. 
