British Species of Caddis-flies. 31 
last segment; superior valves with the apex produced into a long 
fine point; lateral valves straight, rounded, darker than the 
superior and equalling them in length. 
Expanse of fore-wings 16—18 lin. 
Larva with the head fawn-coloured, marked with three black 
spots, of which the first is frontal and Y-shaped, and the others 
lateral, extending from the eyes to the occiput, uniting and forming 
an X. The two first thoracic segments fawn-coloured, bordered 
with black and marked posteriorly with small black triangles. 
Metanotum fawn-coloured, with four scaly black spots. Abdo- 
men fawn-coloured, with numerous rose-coloured respiratory fila- 
ments. Feet large, fawn-coloured, spotted with blackish. (Pictet.) 
Case composed of fibres, pieces of grass and rushes, &c., cut in 
equal lengths and arranged close together transversely, sometimes, 
according to Pictet, of smal] stones and shells; before the larva is 
ready to change, the case assumes a nearly oval form, and the 
occupant then fixes it firmly to some object and closes the ori- 
fice with fibres, &c. (See Pictet’s ‘‘ Recherches” for a long and 
interesting account of these cases, and of the way in which they 
are constructed.) 
A common species by canals, ponds, marshes and all still waters, 
appearing in summer and autumn. Varies little, chiefly in the 
intensity of the brown coloration. 
3. Limnephilus pavidus, Hagen. 
(Pl. I. fig. 1; Pl. IX. fig. 14, app.) 
Limnophilus pavidus, Hag. (*) Ent. Ann. 1859, p. 77 (not de- 
scribed); Limnephilus pavidus, M‘Lach. Ent. Ann, 1862, p. 26. 
Antenne reddish-testaceous. Head reddish-fuscous, paler at 
the sides. Palpi reddish-testaceous. Mesothorax fuscous, slightly 
reddish in the middle and at the shoulders. Anterior wings nar- 
rower than in L. rhombicus, shining pale yellow, with brownish 
markings, most evident along the middle and before the apex, where 
they form a rather incomplete semilunate spot, the space between 
which and the apical margin is unspotted; fenestrated spot small, 
curved; anastomosal space large and distinct; veins fuscous, 
fourth apical cell obtusely pointed at the base. Posterior wings 
hyaline, slightly yellowish at the apex. Legs testaceous, with 
black spines. Abdomen fuscous above, pale beneath. In the 
male the upper margin of the last abdominal segment forms an 
obtuse blackish point between the app.; app. sup. long, testaceous, 
curved upwards, the somewhat acute points directed slightly 
downwards, a sharp angle near the base of the lower margin, 
which is furnished with a few small black teeth; app. intermed, 
