British Species of Caddis-flies. 165 
obtusely rounded; hairy clothing very dense and long, with long 
fringes; in the male there is a callous cornucopia-shaped knob- 
like appendage at the base (analogous to that in Glossosoma) ; 
neuration very fine and indistinct, even under the microscope ; 
discoidal cell open; in the male the two branches of the ramus 
discoidalis are simple, in the female the lower branch is forked ; 
in the male the superior branch of the ramus thyrifer is simple, 
the inferior branch forked, and each branch again furcates; in the 
female the superior branch is forked and the lower prong again 
divides, the inferior branch is twice forked at the apex. Pos- 
terior wings shorter than the anterior, but nearly as broad ; apex 
broadly rounded ; fringes very long; neuration alike in the sexes, 
but in the male there is a shallow curved fold or pouch in the 
middle of the wing directed towards the apex and beset with thicker 
hairs; forkstwo. The transverse veins are apparently absent in all 
the wings. Legs rather short ; intermediate tibia not dilated in the 
female ; anterior and intermediate tibize each with a pair of apical 
spurs ; posterior tibia: with two pairs of spurs.* Abdomen short, 
thin in the male, stout and somewhat depressed in the female. 
In the male the ventral surface of the antepenultimate abdominal 
segment has a smal] horny lobe, and the penultimate segment a 
pencil of hairs ; the appendices vary considerably according to the 
species, they are usually thin and style-like, often curved. In the 
female the terminal abdominal segment is very broad and turned 
upwards, the upper and lower margins widely separated and 
forming an oval cavity in which the eggs are carried; the ante- 
penultimate segment with a small ventral tubercle analogous to 
that in the male. 
Larva unknown; inhabiting standing or slowly-running waters. 
The small black insects comprised in this genus are very diffi- 
cult to separate satisfactorily. The shape of the anterior wings 
and the form of the anal appendices in the males seem to furnish 
the best characters; but they stand in need of further investi- 
gation. 
The synonymy of the species of Berea is in a very confused 
state, and is likely to remain so. The different species resemble 
each other so greatly that it is impossible to apply the descriptions 
of various authors, as these have all neglected any investigation of 
the structural characters. I regret exceedingly that I am unable 
to speak with certainty of those described by Curtis (forming his 
genus Thya), as J was unacquainted with good characters whereby 
* In Kol. Gen. et Spec. Trichop. pt. 2, p. 227; Brauer, Neurop. Aust. 
p- 38; Hag. Neurop. N. Amer. p. 296, and ‘“‘ Synopsis Synonymica’’ (Sys- 
tema), Berea is erroneously said to have 2-4-4 spurs. 
