Reproduction in the Honey Bee. 549 
female individual must always be fertilized by the male 
semen.” 
In favour of Dzierzon’s proposition, that drones alone 
are always produced from unfertilized eggs, reference is 
made to the discovery of the French naturalist Riem, 
namely, that of “ fertile workers,” which are known, under 
certain circumstances, to be capable of laying eggs, but 
which only develop into drones. It was ascertained 
anatomically by Mademoiselle Jurine, that the ‘‘ worker- 
bees are nothing but female bees whose seminal organs 
are aborted.” Huber has shown that, by virtue of the 
peculiar treatment, and the administration of royal food 
to any worker-larva which the bees may select for this 
purpose, the female sexual organs of such larva acquire 
development, and the mature royal bee, or queen, be- 
comes thus fitted, after fecundation, for all the functions 
of a mother bee. Hence such worker-larve as receive a 
partial treatment of this kind, by being reared con- 
tiguous to royal cells, obtaining by accident probably a 
yortion of royal food, acquire a certain development of 
their female seminal organs, in virtue of which the bees 
so reared sometimes oviposit, but experience shows that 
their eggs develop only into drones, or males. 
Dzierzon’s theory also includes the assertion, that 
every normally organized and fertilized queen must, at 
the same time, possess the power of laying male or female 
egos at will; that is to say, of leaving an egg unferti- 
lized, or depositing it fecundated, according to her will, 
when engaged in laying her eggs. 
Such, then, is a summary statement of the principal 
points of Dzierzon’s new theory of reproduction in bees. 
Now, it will be at once evident, that, if this theory be 
correct, as Von Siebold remarks, ‘‘ we might beforehand 
expect, that by the copulation of a unicolorous blackish- 
brown German, and a reddish-brown Italian bee, the 
mixture of the two races would only be expressed in the 
hybrid females or workers, but not in the drones, which, 
as proceeding from unfecundated eggs, must remain 
purely German, or purely Italian, according as the queen 
selected for the production of hybrids belonged to the 
German or Italian race.” 
In 1854, Dzierzon himself further writes (and I beg to 
draw particular attention to his remarks, as itis with re- 
ference to this important pomt, which pervades his whole 
theory, that my following observations are directed) : 
