_ 
110 Sir S. S. Saunders on the habits and affinities 
opaque white wings, extending beyond the extremity of 
the abdomen, quiescent like the others. 
It could searcely be doubted that, among upwards of 
twenty specimens, both sexes would be represented ; this 
winged individual, furnished with three ocelli towards 
the base of the head (which none of the others possessed), 
being presumably the male, as corresponding with the 
alary and ocellated characters of that sex. In other 
respects, however, this specimen exhibited a general 
similarity to the apterous females, the abdomen coin- 
ciding therewith in structural details ; so that, notwith- 
standing the remarkable circumstance of the absence of 
any male, this was only an abnormally developed female 
invested with some of the prerogatives of both sexes; 
nor is this a solitary instance of such an anomaly, for 
Professor Westwood, in his crowning work, the ‘Thesaurus 
Entomologicus Oxoniensis,’ has recorded the circum- 
stance that Mr. Thwaites had sent him ‘“‘a species from 
Ceylon, the female of which has wings” (p. 170). I 
should add that no such discarded appendages were 
found in the cell, but a considerable number of very 
minute smooth white elongate-oval particles, of uniform 
size and shape, were dispersed about the interior, these 
being readily soluble, and apparently constituting the 
fecal deposits of the larvee during the period of nutri- 
tion. 
As regards the males, these might have been developed 
later from the remaining cocoons, wherein certain imma- 
ture individuals were found, as subsequently adverted to, 
which might possibly have supplied the void had not 
these receptacles been molested for internal investigation. 
The fact of these females having been obtained from 
a briar-cell of the previous year, while allowing some 
latitude for climacteric retardation in the sequel, serves 
to indicate that this was the ordimary summer brood, 
and that no other could intervene between these females 
and their posterity of a corresponding period, their 
transformations having extended over more than twelve 
months, namely, from July or August of the one year to 
September of the next. I have, however, met with 
several females of this species hybernating in the snags 
of fig trees, which might obtain an earlier habitat for 
their progeny, and enable the latter to complete their 
metamorphoses within a shorter period. Thus the 
Pelopeéus spirifex sometimes emerges from larval-cells of 
