PSYCHE. 17 
brosa, though both forms of the species 
might have been expected to appear. In 
breeding from eggs laid by umbrosa in a 
former year, I obtained both forms of the 
butterfly, viz.: 11 wmbrosa and 6 fabri- 
citi. But from this single experiment it 
cannot be determined whether any change 
of form was brought about. 
4. In 1877, a lot of eight chrysalids 
of P. ajax, all under 12-hours from pupa- 
tion, were put on ice and left there 24 days. 
(They were placed on top of the ice, but 
in all later experiments I have placed them 
under it, in the bottom of the box.) The 
temperature was irregular, and as I was 
absent from home nearly all of the time, 
and had to leave the box in charge of ser- 
vants, I felt no certainty that the ice had 
not been supplied irregularly, or that there 
had not been intervals during which there 
was no ice in the box. But from these 
chrysalids there came 5 8 3 @ butterflies. 
Of these, one was telamonides unquestion- 
ably, in color and markings; all the rest 
were between telamonides and marcellus. 
Two other chrysalids, on ice 23 days, in 
the box at same time with the above men- 
tioned eight, gave telamonides. But three 
more, exposed 26 days, and 1 hour from 
pupation when placed in the box, all gave 
unchanged marcellus. 
In the box at same time were 6 chrysa- 
lids of G. interrogationis, and all of them 
gave unchanged umbrosa. 
5. During the same season, 1877, I ex- 
posed six P. ajaw chrysalids, keeping the 
temperature as nearly as possible at 33° F. 
[0.6° C.]. One was 1 hour from pupation, 
and remained in the box 5 days ; one same 
age, remained in box 23? days; three at 
3 hours old, for 8 days, and one, age 
omitted, for 6 days. All these produced 
marcellus, and therefore they had not been 
affected by the cold. 
6. In 1877, I had placed several chrys- 
alids of Lycaena pseudargiolus in the ice 
box, thinking that I might thus obtain the 
form violacea, which is the winter form of 
the species. On 8 Aug., 31 days after the 
chrysalids were removed from the box, a 
female emerged, in some respects consider- 
ably unlike either of the forms. The com- 
mon series of dark streaks and points across 
the disks was wholly wanting, though the 
stripes across the ends of cells were pres- 
ent; and the marginal crescents were large 
and black — far more conspicuous than is 
ever seen in the natural pseudargiolus, and 
still very unlike violacea. The general 
coloration of both surfaces was that of the 
usual female pseudargiolus. All the other 
chrysalids were found to be dead. 
In Can. Entom., v. 7, p. 236-240, I gave 
an account of the first experiments made 
by me in exposing chrysalids to cold, the 
subject being P. ajax. The chrysalids 
were placed in the ice box, but were sub- 
sequently removed to the ice house and 
left for two months after forming, but on 
returning home after a long absence I 
found the ice had wholly melted. The 
chrysalids had at first been subjected to a 
low temperature in the box, but as the ice 
in the house failed, the temperature had 
risen so that when I examined the tin 
cases which had held the chrysalids, many 
butterflies were found alive therein in a 
crippled state. About one half the butter- 
