28 
of twelve longitudinal, forward projecting, 
folds on the border between the stomach 
and ileum, are described. 
Of the papers on the general anatomy 
of groups or species, is one of considerable 
length by Dr. Ernst Voges,® on the Juli- 
dae, the greater part being a description 
of species, particularly, however, in respect 
to the male génital armature. There is 
also a general description of the dermal 
skeleton, with its muscles, of the tracheal 
system, and of the scent glands; the sec- 
tion on the tracheal system being the most 
important. Voges regards the mouths of 
the tracheae in the “stigmatic pouches,” 
as the morphological stigmata ; the pouches 
themselves being simple infoldings of the 
derm, carrying the true stigmata within 
the body. The scent glands are retort- 
shaped bodies, the necks of which open, 
of course, into ‘‘ foramina repugnatoria,” 
and are provided with an automatic plug, 
the mouth being opened by the contraction 
of the muscle appended to each gland. 
In a later note ® Dr. Voges describes the 
tracheal system of Glomeris, which seems 
to approach that of the hexapods, as there 
is no stigmatic sac, but true stigmata 
which open externally, leading into short 
tubes (probably modified tracheal trunks), 
which bifurcate, their forks giving rise in 
turn to furcating tracheae. There is, how- 
ever, no tracheal anastomosis. The stig- 
mata are armed against the entrance of 
impurities by an edging of numerous thorn- 
like structures. It should be remembered 
that the tubes have points for the insertion 
special muscles, like the stigmatic sacs of 
Julus. 
5 Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. v. 31, p. 127. 
6Carus’ Zool. Anzeig., v. 1, p. 361. 
-that of larval insects. 
PSYCHE. 
Mr. S. Sograff sums up his studies on 
certain Chilopods in a short note in Carus’ 
Zool. Anzeiger (v. 2, p. 16). Among the 
points referred to may be mentioned the 
following: The tracheae resemble those 
of lepidopterous larvae, and are provided 
with a simple, though very peculiar stig- 
matic closing apparatus. The brain con- 
sists of fibres and of cells of two sorts, the 
smaller of which recall those of hexapods. 
The form of the brain depends on the 
number of eyes and length of body. The 
longer a chilopod is, the fewer eyes, and 
the smaller optic lobes, consequently. The 
latter are totally wanting in Himantarium. 
The structure of the eye closely approaches 
The ovaries are 
much like those of spiders; the nearly ripe 
eggs are clothed with small, probably epi- 
thelial, cells. The receptaculum seminis 
shows a distinct muscular and epithelial 
wall. The testes are filled with large, 
quadrangular big-nucleated, mother cells, 
which probably arise from the epithelium 
of the thin, upper part. The walls of the 
sperm-reservoirs have an epithelial, and a 
delicate reticulate muscular, layer. 
Glands are very numerous. The poison 
glands consist of a stout chitinous duct, 
whose walls are pierced with very many 
chitinous tubelets which end in pear-shaped 
glands. The whole glandular system is 
clothed with a muscular rete, as Leydig 
has already shown to be the case with the 
nervous system. 
The poison glands of centipedes have 
been, however, previously described by Mr. 
Jules Macleod.’ According to the latter 
writer, the glands lie in the terminal joint 
7 Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., v. 44, no. 6. 
