32 
species of Mormo he has found scales show- 
ing under a 1-5 “notes of exclamation” 
like Thysanouran scales, while with a 1-10 
the real ribbed structure of the scale is 
evident. It is also stated that corrugations 
of lepidopterous scales are invariably found 
on the under side only. Just the opposite 
is maintained by Dr. H. Burmeister,” who 
also believes that there is no internal mem- 
brane. ‘The striae are due to filaments ele- 
vated on the inner side of the upper mem- 
brane. In the large scales of Castnia they 
do not traverse the scale, but terminate free. 
The lower membrane has a different inter- 
nal structure showing a great number of 
small irregular transverse lines. 
Haller * figures and describes peculiar 
forms found in the terminal hair brushes of 
Polyxenus. 'These are transparent, hooked 
at the end, which has three or four slender 
clubbed processes directed backwards and 
The sides of the 
hair are barbed with forward directed 
points. These hairs are surrounded with 
shorter club shaped ones. There are also 
larger double comb-like hairs, the teeth of 
which point forwards. 
Ignorant of Hick’s long since published 
paper,” Haller also describes briefly the 
sucking hairs on the tarsus of male water 
beetles (Dytiscus) ; nothing newis reported. 
Dr. Ph. Bertkau has described * an in- 
teresting scent apparatus on the last pair of 
legs in the male of Hepialus hecta, L. In 
this moth the posterior tarsi are aborted, 
and the tibiae are large and club-shaped, 
lying in the same plane. 
19 Descr. Phys., Republ. Argentine, v. 5, p. 21. 
See notice Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., v. 2, p. 866. 
20 Arch. f. Naturg., v. 44, p. 99. 
21 Zinn. Trans., v. 22, p. 147, 383. 
22 Arch. Naturg., v. 44, p. 97. 
PSYCHE. 
their interior being filled with long glands 
which each open ina pore. <A long hair 
covers each pore, and on the inside of the 
tibiae these hairs form athick brush. ‘The 
first abdominal segment, moreover, has be- 
neath two pockets, formed by an infolding 
of delicate skin, the margins of which are 
In rest the 
moth keeps the hinder tibiae in these pock- 
ets, the long hairs on both effectually pre- 
venting the escape of the ethereal oil se- 
creted by the tibial glands, which has a 
pleasant aromatic odor. This of course 
recalls the scent apparatus on butterfly 
wings described by Fritz Miiller, and must 
serve as an attraction to the opposite sex. 
Mr. Brunner von Wattenwy] ™ has found 
a peculiar organ on the hind femora of the 
Acrididae. In the furrow on the under 
side, into which the tibia fits, about one 
fourth from the base, is a small wart- 
also provided with long hairs. 
shaped elevation, open in the centre, where 
there is a soft pad, sometimes projecting 
like a blunt tubercle. The raised margin 
of the elevation is on the basal side beset 
with some delicate white hairs. The pad, 
which has a glandular appearance, is .al- 
ways white or gray. It is found only in 
the jumping tribes, but occurs both in 
chirping and dumb species. No suggestion 
as to its function is offered. 
Messrs. Perez and Jousset De Bell- 
esme * discuss the nature of buzzing in in- 
sects. True buzzing is the sound emitted 
by rapid wing vibrations (exceeding 80). 
The hum of the hawk-moths is simply the 
23 Katter’s Ent. Nachr., No. 17, 223. 
24 Verhandl. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. 
25 Comptes rend., v. &7. 
26 Ibid., p. 535. 
