3. In all the former the subapical spot 
on fore wing and the stripe on same wing 
which crosses cell inside the common black 
band, are distinct and green; in all the 
latter these marks are either obscure or 
obsolescent. 
4. In4of the former there is a large 
double and connected red spot at anal 
angle, and in 1 of them it is edged on its 
upper side by white ; 2 have one large and 
one small red spot. Of the latter, 5 have 
one spot only, and the 6th has one spot 
and a red dot. 
5. The former have all the black por- 
tions of the wing of deeper color but of less 
extent—the bands being narrower; on 
the other hand, the green bands are wider 
as well as deeper and clearer colored. 
Measuring the width of the outermost 
common green band along middle of upper 
median interspace on fore wing in tenths of 
a millimetre, I find it as follows : — 
On iced chrysalids, 81, 66, 76, 76, 66, 66. 
On not iced, 56, 56, 51, 51, 46, 51. 
Measuring the common black discal 
band along middle of lower median inter- 
space on same wing : — 
On the iced, 51, 66, 51, 51, 56, 61. 
On the not iced, 76, 71, 66, 63, 71, 76. 
In other words, the natural examples 
are more melanic than the others. 
I find no difference in length of tails or 
in the length and breadth of the wings. 
The cold has produced no effect in the 
shape of the wings. 
Comparing 1 male from the iced chrys- 
alids with the 6 males not iced : — 
1. The former is bright colored; 2 of 
the latter are the same, 4 have the black 
pale, the light pale and sordid. 
2. The former has four lunules; 3 of 
the latter have three, 3 have two only. 
PSYCHE. 
3. The former has a large double con- 
nected red anal spot, edged with white; 3 
of the latter have but one red spot, 2 have 
one large and one small spot, 1 has one 
large red spot and a red dot. 
4. The former has the subapical spot 
and stripe in cell clear green; 1 of the lat- 
ter has the same, 5 have these obscure or 
obsolescent. 
Looking over all, of both sexes, in both 
lots, the iced and not iced, the largeness of 
the green submarginal lunules on fore 
wings in the iced examples is conspicuous 
as compared with all the others, — though 
this feature is included in the general wid- 
ening of the green bands spoken of. 
In all my experiments at any time made 
with P. ajax, if any change at all has been 
produced by cold, it is seen in the enlarg- 
ing or doubling of the red anal spot, and 
in the increased number of clear green 
lunules on hind wings. Almost always the 
frontal hairs are lengthened, the color of 
the wings deepened. So also the extent of 
the black area is diminished. All these 
changes are in the direction of telamo- 
nides, or the winter form. 
That the effect of cold is not simply to 
precipitate the emerging of the winter 
form, making the butterfly which would 
naturally leave its chrysalis in the succeed- 
ing spring to emerge in the season in 
which it fed as a caterpillar, is evident 
from the fact that the shape is always that 
of the summer form, while the markings 
are of the winter form. Those chrysalids 
which go over the winter, on the other 
hand, do not have the summer form, but 
the winter, and the markings agreeing 
thereto, just as in examples in nature. 
On these the cold has produced no effect 
whatever. (To be continued on p. 15.) 
