4 PSYCHE. 
On the 19th day, emerged one telamonides, 
or a form between that and walshii, from a 
chrysalis put in the box 12 hours after pu- 
On the 
19th day emerged one walshii, from chrys- 
alis 2 hours old, and on ice 11 days. All 
the rest emerged unchanged marcellus, but 
at periods prolonged in a surprising way : — 
pation and kept there 11 days. 
One on 43d day, exposed at 15 minutes. 
One on 46th day, exposed at 2 hours. 
One on 53d day, exposed at 24 hours. 
One on 62d day, exposed at 6 days. 
One on 63d day, exposed at 4 days. 
One on 66th day, exposed at 7 days. 
One on 77th day, exposed at 4 days. 
One on 81st day, exposed at 12 hours. 
One on 91st day, exposed at 5 days. 
One on 96th day, exposed at 19 hours. 
Five chrysalids lived over until the 
spring of 1879, when all produced tela- 
monides. 
2. In June 1879, I obtained eggs of 
the form marcellus, and in due time had 
from them 104 chrysalids. I placed about 
one third, or 35, in the ice box, at from 12 
to 24 hours after pupation, dividing them 
into three lots: 1st, 9 chrysalids, kept on 
ice 14 days; 2nd, 12 chrysalids, 20 days ; 
3d, 11 chrysalids, 25 days. 
and conditions the same as. in experiment 
No. 1. 
Of the 69 chrysalids not exposed to cold, 
34 gave butterflies at from 11 to 14 days 
after pupation, and one additional example 
emerged 11 Aug., or at least 22 days past 
the regular period. I reserved these chrys- 
alids that I might be able to compare the 
butterflies from these with the butterflies 
from the same lot of eggs, but whose chrys- 
alids were iced. 
Of the chrysalids on ice, from lot No. 1, 
Temperature 
emerged 4 9 at 84 to 9$ days after 
removal from the ice, and 5 are now living 
and will pass the winter. From lot No. 2, 
emerged 1 % 5 2, at 8 to 9 days; another 
? came out at 40 days, and 5 go over the 
winter. From lot No. 3, emerged 4 , at 
9 to 12 days; another % at 54 days, and 
6 were found to be dead. 
In this experiment, I wished to see, as 
exactly as possible: 1st, in what points 
changes would occur; 2d, if there would 
be any change in the shape of the wings, 
as well as in markings and coloration, — 
that is, whether the shape might remain 
that of marcellus, while the markings might 
be of telamonides or walshii, or a summer 
form with winter markings — (in previous 
experiments I had not noted this point so 
carefully as I wished now to do); 3d, to 
ascertain more closely than I had yet done 
what length of exposure to cold was re- 
quired to bring about a decided change, 
and what would be the effect of prolonging 
that period. After my experiments with 
Phyciodes tharos, as shown in Butterflies 
of N. A., v. 2, and which had resulted in 
a suffusion of color, I hoped that I might see 
a similar change in Papilio ajax, brought 
about either by the low temperature or pro- 
longed exposure. 
I obtained from these chrysalids 11 per- 
fect butterflies, 1 6 10 2. Some others 
emerged crippled, and these I rejected, as 
it was not possible to make out their mark- 
ings satisfactorily. From lot No. 1, 14 
days: 1 ¢ between marcellus and tela- 
monides, 2 2 murcellus. These latter 
were pale colored, the light parts a dirty 
white, the submarginal lunules on hind 
wing only two in number and small, at 
anal angle one large and one small red 
spot, and the frontal hairs very short. 
