42 
probably sense organs, and has traced, in 
stained sections, nerve fibres into the hair- 
bearing hypodermic cells, but whether they 
are auditory or olfactory must be decided 
by future investigations. 
Dr. Mayer has also published a longer 
paper,” with plates, on the same organs. 
The hairs in the vesicles are pale and trans- 
parent, with rounded tips, and the euticula 
is also pale and delicate ; each hair belongs 
to a single cell, which sends up a process 
into the lumen of the hair. This is always 
the case, even in the small single-haired 
fossae. The observations of F. Berte,® 
on the antennae of Pulex, are criticized as 
very inaccurate. 
Dr. G. Haller © describes the respiratory 
The lateral 
tracheal trunks end separately in the longer 
anal process. 
system of mosquito larvae. 
The shorter process has 
gills furnished with branches from one of 
the main trunks. In the terminal segments 
of the larva is also an air reservoir con- 
sisting of a number of fine tracheal branch- 
lets, probably supplied by the second trunk. 
Hairs on the breathing tube are regarded 
as sensory, and connected with the terminal 
nerve ganglion. Other hairs on the body, 
including some resembling lepidopterous 
scales, are described. The breathing pore 
is provided with closing valves, but there 
is no similar arrangement in the pupal 
breathing horns. 
Dr. Philip Bertkau in a paper © on a nat- 
ural system of Arachnids, makes a few re- 
marks on the tracheae of some spiders, fig- 
ures of which are subjoined. 
68 Mem. R. Accad. Lincei. Roma, 4 maggio 
1879. 
6+ Ricerche Lab. Anat. 
Roma, 1878, y. 2, p. 77-82. 
6 Arch. Naturg., v. 44, p 91. 
norm. R. Univers. 
PSYCHE. 
I have only found one reference to the 
circulatory system of insects, which is a 
short note in Carus’ Zool. Anzeiger (v. 1, 
p- 274), by Dr. Béla Dezso, stating that 
in insects, myriapods and spiders, there 
are as many pairs of clefts in the dorsal 
vessel as there are pairs of stigmata. 
Schmiedeknecht in a monograph of the 
Thuringian species of Bombus, describes 
the male genitalia of each species, and he 
finds in them widely distinct specific char- 
acters. [ive pieces are recognized in these 
organs, and German names proposed, but 
these seem in no way preferable to the 
latin nomenclature of Thompson. 
The types of the external male genitalia 
of the European butterflies are described 
and figured by Dr. F. B. White,® whose 
paper will be of value to systematists. The 
apical segment, the dorsal element of which 
Dr. White calls the ** tezumen,” is wrongly 
regarded as the eighth instead of the ninth. 
Besides the paper on the gizzard in ants 
already mentioned, Dr. Aug. Forel has 
published another important anatomical 
contribution on the poison and anal 
glands of these insects. A careful descrip- 
tion is given of the former, and of its mod- 
According 
to the character of the poison reservoir the 
Formicidae are divided into two sharp 
groups, Camponotidae and Dolichoderidae. 
In the former, the reservoir is very large, 
and dorsally between its tunica propria and 
intima it is padded, so to speak, with the 
folds of an immensely long tube, simple or 
branching, which is probably a continua- 
ifications in different genera. 
66 Arch. Naturg., v. 44, p. 351. 
67 Jenaische Zeitschr. Nat., v. 12, p. 303. 
68 Linn. Trans., s. 2, Zool., v. 1, p. 357. 
89 Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., v. 30, Suppl. p. 28. 
