& 
Ps 
‘ 
PSEC. 149 
their case, and with the whole body en- 
cased except the head and first, and 
sometimes the second, segment, they will 
climb trees and fences, travel through and 
over grass and weeds and irregularities 
of ground for distances sometimes of 
many metres before they finally attach 
their cases. I was long puzzled to know 
how they accomplished it, supposing that 
it was by means of the discs, by suction or 
by exuding from them a glutinous secre- 
tion. Experiment and observation have 
solved the problem. ‘There is no suction 
or secretion ; and the discs have nothing 
to do with it; they are not organs of lo- 
comotion. ‘The larvae travel solely by 
means of their silk. The head and fol- 
lowing segment, and sometimes the next, 
are protruded from one end of the case 
(the larvae sometimes close one end and 
open the other), then successive taps are 
given with the end of the spinneret to 
the surface on which the larva. lies. 
and thus a minute byssus is formed, to 
which the spinneret adheres ; the body is 
then contracted so that the under surface 
of the case is brought into contact with 
the byssus and apex of the spinneret, 
and thus the case is attached. The head 
and segments are again extended, and 
another byssus is made, and, the body 
contracting, the case is again brought up 
and attached. Its attachment is only by 
a few silken threads each of which is less 
than 0.0002 mm. in diameter, and the 
fresh silk readily stretches or breaks. 
This is the sole mode of progress of the 
larva. 
I have not followed the changes of 
A. splendoriferella or any of the species 
other than A. saliciella; but the mines 
and larvae of all resemble each other so 
much that there is no reason to suppose 
there is any difference in their histories 
other than such as relates to size, orna- 
mentation and food plant. 
Antispila. Inthis genus I know the spe- 
cies nyssaefoliella, cornifoliella, viticordi- 
foliella and ampelopsiella in their last and 
In their last 
stage all are fat, white, footless larvae ; the 
first then having a length of 4.07 mim. 
when fully grown, and the last of 3.50 
mm. 
penultimate larval stages. 
In the penultimate stage all have 
the ventral maculae on all of the segments, 
except the head and the two hindermost 
I have never 
seen a molt in any of the species, but there 
has evidently been a molt between the 
two stages above mentioned, and I have 
found the cast skin of this molt in the 
mines.» From the size of these two 
stages, and from the size and form of the 
mine, and from analogy with Aspidisca, I 
have no doubt that there is an earlier molt 
which takes place in the first three above- 
mentioned species when the larva is about 
1.55 mm. long; and in ampelopsiella 
I know 
the larvae of A. hydrangeaeella Cham. 
and A. isabella Clem. only in their penul- 
timate stages. They are very much like 
the other larvae. Isabella in size agrees 
with viticordifoliella, and hydrangeaeella 
is but little larger than ampelopsiella. 
The inines of all greatly resemble those 
of Aspidisca, but are larger; and like 
nearly all Tineid mines known to me they 
are at first linear, ending in a blotch which 
frequently obliterates more or less of the 
linear part of the mine. They no doubt 
leave their eggs with mouth parts of the 
ordinary form, like Aspidisca and Nep- 
ticula. 
segments of the abdomen. 
when it is about 1.1 mm. long. 
