160 
CurysopHANus 1, americana; LYCAENA 
2, pseudargiolus, comyntas; PAMPHILA 
4, hobomok, huron, verna, cernes; Ku- 
pamus, 38, _ bathyllus, tityrus ; 
Puowisora 1, catullus: 53 species, all 
but one or two to imago, and these 
through the larval stages to chrysalis. 
Several others’ I have received in either 
first or second larval stages from cor- 
respondents, and have carried the larvae 
to imago, as Papimio 1, palamedes ; 
CaLuipryas 1, eubule; HeEticonra 1, 
charitonia; AGRAULIS 1, vanillae; Err- 
sta 1, tewana; Limenttis 1, eros; APAT- 
urRA 2, alicia, flora: making 8 species. 
Besides this, Messrs. Couper, Baron, 
Mead, and other correspondents have 
bred other species, of which I have had 
reports, as Papilio brevicauda and mach- 
aon (the latter determined at my special 
request by Dr. Aug. Weismann and Mr. 
Wm. Buckler) Pieris beckeri and sisym- 
bri, Anthocharis stella, Danais berenice, 
Melitaea rubicunda and chalcedon, Grap- 
ta satyrus, Pamphila ethlius, 10 species, 
thus making 71 species whose complete 
larval history has been observed. It is 
difficult to follow the stages of the Hes- 
perians, as the larvae conceal themselves 
in cases of leaves, but so far as I have 
been able to do so, the molts in each case 
have been four. In Hudamus lycidas and 
Pholisora catullus I made sure of this 
the past season. About Callidryas eu- 
bule I am in doubt, that is, whether there 
are three or four molts. The early sta- 
ges so much resemble each other in this 
species and pass so rapidly, that I could 
not be sure at which stage I received the 
larvae from Georgia. Mr. Baron report- 
ed three molts to both Pieris beckeri and 
lycidas, 
PSTVCHE. 
P. sisymbri, and gave dates of their oc- 
currence. There certainly were three 
only to Neonympha gemma, verified by 
me in several broods. But in all other 
cases there have been four, except when 
the larvae hibernated, and then an addi- 
tional molt occurred. There seems to 
be a necessity with the hibernators of 
getting rid of the rigid skin in which the 
larva has passed the winter; that is, if 
the hibernation has taken place during 
the middle stages, as it does in Apaturu 
and Limenitis. In these cases very little 
food is taken between the molt which 
precedes hibernation and the one which 
follows it, and the larva while in lethar- 
gy is actually smaller than before the 
next previous molt. The skin shrinks, 
and has to be cast off before the 
awakened larva can grow. These spe- 
cies (observed), whose larvae molt five 
times in the winter brood, require 
but four molts during the summer. 
In the case of Limenitis disippus the 
stages up to the third molt are identical 
in the winter and summer broods, but 
the stage following the third in summer is 
equivalent to the two stages after the third 
in winter, and the stage after the fourth 
of the one comes to be identical with the 
stage after the fifth of the other. Many 
larvae go into lethargy immediately after 
exclusion from the egg, as the large Ar- 
gynnids, and probably all the Satyrids of 
the alope group.* The former pass five 
molts, but probably only four in summer. 
* T have now hibernating young larvae of 
Satyrus silvestris, eggs of which species were 
received from Mr. Baron and hatched here 
at Coalburgh. They look like.and behave 
exactly as alofe. 
