174 
of eggs to cocoons, mostly in midsum- 
mer, to be 52 days. At Coalburgh, the 
broods ran from 33 days in’ April 
and May to 28 June and 
July. The larval period only at Albany 
was 33 days, at Coalburgh 22 and 18 
days in 
days. Perhaps in attaining to a double 
or triple annual generation, the species 
has come to have its larval stages dimin- 
ished by one, and in W. Va. molts three 
times while at Albany it molts four times. 
Mr. Trouvelot (Amer. Nat., v.1,p.37) 
has the 
allied silk-worm moth Telea polyphemus, 
recorded his observations on 
PSTCRE. 
and says; ** The polyphemus worm, like 
all other silk worms, changes its skin five 
times during its larval life.” 
In the Entomologist, London, 1879, 
v. 12, p. 26 et seq., Mr. P. H. Goase 
details at great length the larval history 
of Attacus atlas from farther Asia, bred 
by him from eggs obtained from the fe- 
male which had emerged from cocoon in 
Europe. He describes in full five molts. 
The oniy other large moth whose lar- 
val stages I have carefully watched is 
Dryocampa imperialis, which has four 
molts only. 
EFFECT OF COLD- APPLIED TO CHRYSALIDS OF LIMENITIS 
DISTPPUS:. 
BY WILLIAM H: EDWARDS, COALBURGH, W. VA. 
I succEEDED in bringing two larvae 
through the last winter. No. 1 pupated 
at 3 p.m., 22 April. At 9P.M., same 
day, I placed the chrysalis in an ice box, 
where it remained till 9 p. m., 6 May, 14 
days. No. 2 pupated at 7 Pp. M., 27 
April, and at 7 a. M., next day, the 
chrysalis was put on ice and remained till 
7 a.M., 7 May, 10 days. ‘Temperature, 
40° F. [4° C.]. (In 1880, I subjected two 
chrysalids of this species to a tempera- 
ture of 32° F. [0° C.], and killed both.) 
On 13 May, two butterflies emerged : 
from No. 1, a ¢; the other 9. Both 
are alike in color above and below; 
above dark, resembling southern Danais 
archippus. In the g, the black mesial 
band on hind wings is wider than usual, 
though I have one example, bred at 
Coalburgh, like it; but in the female, this 
band is extraordinary, nearly three times 
as wide as usual, measuring 2.5 mm. at 
the cell. Beneath, in both, the whole 
hind wing.is very light, a fawn-color, 
with no fulvous tint, quite unlike any 
Coalburgh or western or southern ex- 
ample, though resembling Catskill exam- 
ples, except that these have a tint of 
fulvous. 
As appears, the change is most decided 
in the female, though this was exposed 
when 12 hours old and for 10 days 
ovly, against 14 days in the male, at 6 
hours old. 
I had hoped to see the butterflies 
much melanized, and so approaching 
Limenitis proserpina, from which it has 
been conjectured disippus is derived. 
But nothing has occurred in support of 
that view. 
